Explore Anita Desais intensely evocative, descriptive style in Studies in the Park Essay Example for Free

Explore Anita Desais intensely evocative, descriptive style in Studies in the Park Essay Anita Desai is a world renowned, Indian novelist and short-story writer. Studies in the Park is merely one of her vast collection of short-stories, however, it is one of the most expressive stories, and it also conveys Anita Desais immensely communicative style of writing. Studies in the Park is set in the late 1970s, in contemporary India. It talks about a young boy, Suno, who is determined to do well in his exams that are a few months away. He is frequently pressurised by his parents, to study hard, and do well. However he is constantly disturbed by the repeated noise, and cannot study. He decides to go to a nearby park, which turns out to be an ideal location for him to study. The pressure that is mounted on him slowly starts to rise as the exams approach, this in turn, results in him becoming a workaholic: eventually his whole life revolves around his studies. He then sees a life changing vision that completely transforms his perspective of life. Studies in the Park contains various descriptions, and images that enables the true message of the story to be brought out. The story begins with the line -Turn it off, turn it offWhat next, my god this line evidently depicts the irritability that Suno is experiencing. This example is a perfect case in which Desai uses a very evocative stream of consciousness to illustrate emotion. This story is written in first person, and because of this Anita Desai is able to express true emotion and sentiment, as shown in the example above. In the line So I raced out of my room, Anita Desai indicates that Suno, the protagonist, is annoyed and cannot bear his surroundings anymore. This example is a typical instance where Anita Desai utilises first person, to portray an emotion. Diction is an essential component of Anita Desais style of writing, she uses a diverse collection of words to indicate the precise feeling that the protagonist is experiencing. For example, in the line rest of them standing and peering in the word peering is accurate as it portrays the curiosity and the nosiness of the brothers and sisters. Another example is in the line snarled at him The word snarled, in this context, implies that Suno is very irritable and ill-tempered at this moment. The word is precise, and specific, and thus, it makes the line more communicative and expressive. Anita Desai uses imagery as well, at many occasions, in an attempt to invoke vividness and clarity in the story. For example, in the line Bag-like women in grey and fawn saris with their sackcloth backs to the rails This description of the park is very clear and vivid, it is a description of one instant in the park: it talks about the children falling, the women screaming and the madmen prancing. The description allows the reader to infer many details about the park such as: it is very active, there many people present there, etc. These sorts of descriptions are present all over the story, hence it makes the story more understandable and suggestive. Desai also uses imagery to elaborate on one point, for example, the description The afternoons would be quietbazaars and slums This paragraph talks about the serenity and tranquillity present in the park in the afternoons, and early evenings. Anita Desai stresses on this point with help of various images. The use of imagery and diction has been used extensively in the story. However it is most effective, when the protagonist experiences the vision, in which he realises the importance of the aspects of life. The line Just then she lifted her veilDivine, I felt, or insane indicates a new revelation that takes place in Sunos mind, and with the use of imagery Anita Desai is able to depict this more vividly. During this phase, Desai uses many similes to describe the lady in the epiphany, and hence depict the new revelation. For example, in the line her borkha, like a flower This line compares the ladys face to a wax-white, lifeless flower that shows importance of health in life. Studies in the Park is very communicative and expressive; there are various descriptions and accurate diction that are essential components in the story. These have made the story more understandable and comprehensible, thus the central theme and message of the story has been portrayed competently. Anita Desais descriptive writing style is extremely graphic and illustrative: it focuses mainly on descriptions, images and precise diction to portray a particular point. Thus she has been able to depict the importance of everything in life: health, religion, family and love.

Effective Time Management for Success

Effective Time Management for Success Time management is a vital aspect for college success. By managing your time more efficiently you can become less stressed, finish projects and assignments on time, and put an end to procrastination. Time management is not just about rearranging your time, its about rearranging your entire thought process. The first step in effective time management is setting goals. Self-discipline is a valuable skill that helps you influence different aspects of your life whereas a lack of self-discipline keeps you from setting and achieving meaningful goals.(Newman, Floyd) When it comes to making goals there is a method that was created by George Doran, which was published in the November 1981 issue of the Management Review. This method is called the S.M.A.R.T method.(Scott, S.J.) This is an acronym that stands for: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound. Specific goals answer your six W questions: who, what, where, when, which and why. (Scott, S.J, (p. 12) When you can break down the long term goals into a subset of short term goals, youll be more able to identify exactly what steps you are going to need to take to reach your goal. Each short term goal should have a specific outcome. Once you have a specific outcome you are looking for, you need to ensure it is measurable. Measur able goals are goals with clear attainable outcomes. Both long term and short term goals should have some point of reference to see if you are making progress. This means that each goal should have a specific deadline that you are reaching for. The third step in the S.M.A.R.T model is making goals attainable. You should be able to achieve goals, but they should not be so easy that they are easily within reach. You should challenge yourself to reach goals. Make the goal seem a little out of reach, so even if you fail, you still have accomplished something significant. The fourth step is to make goals relevant. Make sure that goals are relevant to your life, that they are what you really want or need. If you have goals at school, your career, and your personal life, it is helpful to integrate them. By integrating goals into all aspects of your life, it gives you more drive to reach for them. It lets you know that each component of your life works together to help you succeed to the be st of your ability. [Goals should be] in harmony with everything that is important in your life, from success in your career to happiness with the people you love.(Scott, S.J., pp. 13-14, Kindle edition) The final step is time bound. Every goal should have a very clear time line. You can set this time line anyway you want, whether you want to be accomplished today, tomorrow, next week, or in a year from now. The key to creating any time line for goals is that you set the time and work backward, marking concise benchmarks along the way. This way you know when the goal needs to be complete, and where you should be in the process of success. Now that you know what your goals are, it is important to set priorities. Decide what is important and what is not. Make a list of these priorities and put them in order of what needs to be done first, second, third, and so on. One you understand what your priorities are, it is important to plan out a schedule for the whole semester as a whole. The second step in effective time management is scheduling. Making a schedule for the whole semester will help you understand where your priorities stand, and what should be worked on and when. Calenders are one tool that is imperative to the time management process. You should begin by looking at each class syllabus and block in all school and lab times. Secondly, you should block in all standing commitments such as work, church, meetings and so on. Next it is important to highlight all exams and project due dates. This will help you break down your academic routine for homework and study days. Look at your calendar and work backward from exams and papers. This will help you determine when to start working on your papers or study for exams. Beginning every week, you should spend roughly thirty minutes looking at your calendar and mapping out the week. Remember to ask yourself questions about the week. What are your expectations? What do you plan to accomplish during the week? What t asks are more important than others? What will you have to do to reach your goals? How much time will each activity take? When will I do each activity? Remember to keep goals realistic, theres only twenty-four hours in a day, and you need to rest some of that time. It is also thought that if you study at the same time each day, you condition your brain to know that it is study time, this makes studying a habit. It is also thought that dividing study time into fifty minute blocks, followed by a ten minute break, helps you retain information better, and sets you up for higher success. As part of the scheduling process it is important to revisit and revise your schedule. Take an inventory of how you are choosing to spend your time. Was there any time that was wasted? What did you accomplish? What didnt get done? What changes need to be made to your weekly schedule to help you succeed? Are you sticking to your plans and goals? Is procrastination an issue? These questions can aid you in understanding where your time is being spent, what changes do or do not need to be changed, and help you take an inventory of your self. Once you take an inventory of how your schedule is going, it will help you to be able to understand more of what you have to do to be successful in your goals. Procrastination is arguably productivitys number one enemy. (Newman, Floyd. Time Management: The Art Of Being Productive (Increase Productivity, Get Organized And Get Things Done) (Increase Productivity Reduce Stress Save Time Book 1) (Kindle Locations 219-220). Kindle Edition.) It is hard to fight procrastination because it is a mental battle that one must fight. You have to dedicate yourself to be on time and to stop doing what ever you are using as an excuse not to complete your work. One of the best tools you can use to help you conquer procrastination is to divide a big job into smaller parts. When you break them down to smaller chunks, you avoid being discouraged or the temptation to procrastinate. (Taylor, Dane. Time Management: The Ultimate Productivity Bundle Become Organized, Productive Get Clear Focus (Time Management Tips, Time Management Skills, Productivity Hacks) (Kindle Location 1203). UNKNOWN. Kindle Edition.) This makes the goal more attainable and helps you feel accomplished along the way. When you break them down to smaller chunks, you avoid being discouraged or the temptation to procrastinate.

The Human Muscular System Essay -- Science Biology

The Human Muscular System The human muscular system is made up of over 600 connecting muscles. All of the muscles work together in sync to make your body move in inumerable different ways. None of the body systems can work without muscles and your muscles can't work without your other body systems so that means that all of your body systems need each other to work and make your body function correctly. Your muscles need protein, nutrients, and oxygen to move and work. Then the circulatory system carries those essential particles to your muscles from the digestive and respiratory systems. That is when your circulatory system carries the leftover waste back to the original systems to be discharged from your body. Your nervous system runs the whole show by telling your different systems to make this whole process happen. Muscles Your muscles are made up of body tissue which consists of very very small fibers which make up your muscles and you also have ligaments which help your muscles move in the right way. Each of your muscles are responsible for their own special job. All of your muscles contract to provide motion when the brain sends a signal through the nervous system which are stimulants. These stimulants tell your muscles to move your arms, legs and other muscles move your eyelids and they all work in sync to make you walk and talk. There are some muscles in which you have no control over like the muscles in your internal organs like your heart, sto...

Neuropathology of AIDS :: Health Medicine Medical Diseases Essays

Neuropathology of AIDS Since its discovery in 1981, AIDS has mainly been characterized as a disease effecting the bodying immune system. It has been recognized, however, that there are distinct neurological pathologies associated with the disease. AIDS neuropathology can be characterized by the existence of subcortical dementia, motor difficulties, and affective disorders. Most AIDS patients experience dementia of one form or another. It has been observed that approximately 95% of AIDS patients brain’s show signs of damage, and 60% of patients develop dementia of one degree or another. The AIDS virus is an RNA retrovirus which attaches to and infects T helper cells and other cells of the immune system. The virus normally goes through a typical lytic life cycle which is seen in the pathology of most viruses. Originally the HIV virus was associated wilt the CD4 receptor found on the immune cells, but it has been discovered that the OKT4 receptor is also a site of entry for the virus. This receptor is not only present in macrophages, but it is also found in glial cells of the CNS. There are basically three sites of entry where the HIV virus and infected macrophages can invade the CNS. The first is the blood brain barrier. If there is damage to the integrity of this barrier, the virus can easily pass into the brain tissue and proliferate. The second barrier is the blood CSF barrier. The choroid plexus males up this particular barrier, and the barrier is maintained by the existence of tight junctions. If there is a breakdown of these tight junctions, infected macrophages can pass from the blood into the CSF where they can pass to nearly any area of the CNS. The final site of entry, and perhaps the most likely' are the cicumventricular organs. This is the only site in the CNS where there is an absence of a barrier, and the macrophages carrying the virus are free to pass through these. From here the virus can spread almost anywhere in the CNS, but they intend to infect areas near their site of entry. The most common initial symptom seen in neurological disorders related to AIDS is subcortical dementia. The cardinal feature of subcortical dementia include slowing of mental processes, progressive impairment of memory, and deficits in manipulating or using spontaneously acquired information (i.e., poor problem solving). However, unlike the cortical dementias, higher-order associative function is preserved' and intellectual impairment is milder in the subcortical dementias.

A Report On Virtual Induction Website Education Essay

In my brooding study I intend to discourse what I have learnt during and as a consequence of the completion of the web site undertaking. Furthermore, due to the demand for proper initiation supported virtually, I intend to look into and analyze extra and alternate ways of supplying synergistic initiation every bit good as better my cognition in undertaking direction. During the analysis phase of the undertaking, I brainstormed many thoughts for the web site. I came up with most of the undertaking thoughts, but my squad helped me with a few of them. I had a spot of problem coming up with these thoughts because I am non a really originative individual, and it took me yearss to brainstorm all of the thoughts. I think that was the lone barrier that I faced throughout the undertaking. I besides made a batch of determinations during the planning subdivision of my undertaking. I decided with the group the basic layout of the web site. I suggested it being as simple and accessible as possible – because doing a web site which is disorganized does n't do a difference – what matters is the web site to be enlightening and easy accessible. It might do the web site to look simple on outside but it will be enlightening from interior. The undertaking was come oning swimmingly. I took the necessary stairss to do certain that the undertaking progresses steadily as my group had the basic thought of what we want the web site to look like. I was cognizant that the thing that will devour most of the clip in planing the web site will be to set information on different pages of the web site. Although, this I think was the lone barrier while be aftering & A ; making the basic templet of the web site. Other than that, the basic planning and making of the website templet did non hold any barriers. But now as my squad had the thought of â€Å" what † in the web site, I felt more confident that we will be able to make good all throughout the undertaking. Equally far as the undertaking was come oning, I feel that I have been really effectual in coming up with these interesting thoughts that helped my squad and I believe that all the stairss I took were utile and necessary in the procedure. If I were to make the analysis of my undertaking once more, I ‘d come up with different undertaking thoughts that were more interesting to me. I would besides reach different stakeholders involved in the undertaking, so that I have more options. As a squad leader every bit good as the member of the undertaking squad, I suggested what will travel on each of the pages. I wanted the web site to be every bit simple as possible, while still retaining its professional expression. I suggested utilizing checks on each page to make â€Å" sub-pages † . This eliminates excess, unnecessary pages. For illustration – On the â€Å" Home † page, I will merely hold the most of import information published. This will assist to do the pupils aware about the university, information about ways to reach university and Induction checklist which specifically will be utile for pupils to do certain that things are done as per the demands in conformity with the regulations & A ; ordinances of the University. On the same page will be checks for different links to University web site which will once more be utile to direct the pupils suitably to the needed information. I personally believe that these pages will execute the undertaking of being merely informational. They wo n't hold any attractive characteristics, but I think these can be developed subsequently. At present, I was merely concentrating on doing the website functional plenty so that those who will utilize it must be satisfied. Bing the squad leader of the undertaking has provided me a great chance to develop the accomplishments and experience to larn about undertaking direction. Overall from the undertaking, I have learned to compose undertaking studies, to believe critically, to job resolution, to work in a squad, and besides better my interpersonal accomplishments, communicating accomplishments, particularly working in a squad and organizing within the squad throughout the undertaking. I have besides learned to utilize different package ‘s and plans that were required for the bulk of the work, these includes ; Dreamweaver, Photoshop, UML etc. This will greatly profit my productiveness in the coming faculties. What this brings to my theoretical cognition is that, I have gained existent experience. I ‘ve gained the apprehension of pull offing undertakings.Kolb ‘s Learning Cycle:I have tried to reflect my learning experience during the undertaking with Kolb ‘s learning rhythm:Explori ng:I have been receptive towards larning throughout the undertaking. My engagement in treatments helped me in understanding my inventive ability. Working with my squad members provided me a good apprehension of people & A ; I have been able to recognize jobs with my thoughts and an effectual solution of brainstorming my thoughts.AnalyzingDuring the undertaking there were state of affairss wherein I had to analyze jobs and supply solutions. Some jobs I faced during the undertaking were linked with the working manners of squad members. I had to do certain that each member had a clear thought of what were we traveling to present. I have observed that making an environment wherein collaborative working that guides you towards the purpose is a difficult undertaking to pull off but with aid of cognition that I gained from the alteration direction faculty, I was able to pull off the alteration within the squad.Decision devisingDecision devising has been a major portion of the undertaking w ork. during different subdivisions of the undertaking, I tried to follow consensus attack to be effectual but I dealt with troubles as every member of the group should hold with the determination. This attack of determination doing involved a great trade of clip, nevertheless the in agreement determination helped me to acquire the best possible determination as all the squad members worked together and supported it.ActingAI have been able to take to take the squad which helped me in bettering my competence as a squad leader. I kept puting the ends & A ; deadlines during the undertaking. I have been able to place and implement the stairss necessary to accomplish them. Working closely with Rupert & A ; Dave helped me in interpreting the set ends into practical vision. Shown below are some accomplishments that I gained during my undertaking in the pre-requisite format:TypeCodeCompetenceEvidencePersonal/Social C1Adopt the standard patterns of an school in footings of, hours of work, promptness, and school policies and processs ( including wellness, safety and security criterions ) . Proof-Conduct I have been punctual throughout the undertaking for treatments, meetings etc. Technical F1. Understand a specification ( informal, structured or formal ) . Understand the specification I have reviewed the squad ‘s specification for the web site.AAAAPersonal/Social D3 Demonstrate self-motivation and enthusiasm. Demonstrate I have been passing excess hours on planing the new system. Technical G3. Take duty, and expose some leading qualities, within a group or squad. Self development I have been able to take to take the squad which helped me in bettering my competence as a squad leader. Technical D1. Interview users to set up demands. Analytic Skills During the undertaking, I had treatments with different stakeholders ( Admissions office, International office, Accommodation office etc ) which helped me in analyzing the demands. Technical F6. Become proficient in a scheduling language/environment. Software I had a spot of experience working with HTML but during the undertaking I learned how to utilize Dreamweaver along with HTML while coding the web site. Personal/Social A F1. Think and move efficaciously and independently. General construct Contributed different thoughts Personal/Social I4. Develop a self-critical consciousness of ain accomplishments and advancement. Analytic Skills I have learnt to believe more critically in the undertaking. I did a batch of work and solved a batch of jobs. I learn to believe a caput, program and be prepared. The chief illustrations of critical thought applied include ; mentoring my squad, to research university websites, to form all stuffs for the group and a whole batch of other minor undertakings. Personal/Social G5. Offer aid and counsel to equals when appropriate. Coaching and mentoring Coaching equals through descriptions and account developed my accomplishments. Mentoring support to co-workers. Personal/SocialAJ3. Develop new accomplishments rapidly.ASelf developmentAHelped me to recognize personal development demands and take personal duty for uninterrupted acquisitionAPersonal/Social E2. Display tact, discretion or assertiveness to animate regard and assurance in a co-worker, a user or a team member. Communication accomplishments Ability to pass on efficaciously between squad members. Ability to efficaciously inquiry stakeholders. Ability to compose studies Technical P2. Ensure that appropriate, current package is available, loaded and working. A Analysis After uploading the web site, I checked all the links, pages separately to do certain that the web site is working decently.ATechnicalAH5. Undertake more than one undertaking or play more than one function at the same clip.APlaning and forming Ability to efficaciously be after and organize work load to run into deadlines Technical Q2. Design questionnaire/survey. Documentation I designed questionnaires for study every bit good as for initiation checklist. Personal/Social I2. Make appropriate determinations with confidence and accept duty for them. Self ordinance I have been clear in thought and stayed focused under force per unit area. Personal/Social G1. Demonstrate and keep co-operative and helpful relationships with all employees. Interpersonal The experience has exposed me to people with different background. I had one of the most hearty experiences with them. I ‘d ne'er thought I will run into some truly nice people and made a good figure of friends. Personal/Social G1. Demonstrate and keep co-operative and helpful relationships with all employees. Team working Skills I have been collaborative with others towards common ends and range understandings. For Example, I have shown equity and consideration to my squad members by taking duty ; demoing constructive support, etc Personal/Social F3. Contribute originative thoughts and proposals to better undertaking direction and the success of a undertaking. Creative Thinking The undertaking besides improved my originative thought by linking my ain and others ‘ thoughts and experiences together in imaginative ways to bring forth more thoughts, explore possibilities and inquire inquiries to widen my thought. Technical D1. Interview users to set up demands. Analyzing different facets During the undertaking, i tried to inquire inquiries that helped me to place some spreads in the bing procedures. For Example – with Joanne Ryan from the international office, I presented my thought to her in acknowledging some spreads and besides gave my personal suggestion. Technical G1. Develop and keep a undertaking program. Time Management With my undertaking, I now set my work deadline and me and the people in my group portion the work and fit clip. For illustration 1 piece of work should take 10 proceedingss but so a different piece of work can take 20 proceedingss, so if we work it out, it wo n't take as long because we portion the work at set times to acquire it done, that manner we do n't bury to make things. Personal/Social D3. Demonstrate self-motivation and enthusiasm. Assurance Before I did non used to hold full assurance of pull offing a squad, but now I have gained more assurance by taking the group. Personal/Social A5.Deal with jobs of appropriate proficient complexness. Cognition I have learned how to utilize pictures, images & A ; podcasts in the web site Personal/Social J4.React to an unannounced state of affairs with regard to team land regulations. Adaptation Made attempts for jobs to decide. Planned and carried out research to research issues, events or jobs from different positions. Personal/ Social D2. Search through bing records etc. to understand bing systems. Analytic Skills I analysed and evaluated information, judging its relevancy and value. Overall during the undertaking, my advancement was smooth in general, with some unsmooth parts. Most of the clip, I knew what I was making, and I was following my Plan of Action. The lone times my advancement became rough was when I changed parts of the website halfway through the create phase, because I decided that they were non good plenty. One major barrier that I dealt with throughout the class of my undertaking was the fact that I limited myself to the chief page where in I tried to supply pupils a gateway to services offered by the University. This was a barrier because I had to make up one's mind how to pull off and form all the different pieces of information I needed to set on the other pages. It took me a piece to calculate out what to set where, but finally, utilizing checks fixed the job. In the terminal, after so much difficult work, I along with my squad successfully developed a practical initiation theoretical account. The web site is complete and we tested it several times separately every bit good as together. I believe that the concluding merchandise largely matches the original end. Our end was to make a web site that should be both attractive and utile to the University and prospective pupils. Although I do n't yet cognize how utile my web site is for prospective but I believe that it will be utile to pupils in happening out about upcoming events, find appropriate links, look at pictures, podcasts, exposures, and many other things. In footings of the aesthetic qualities of the web site, I think that it looks truly good because the colour strategy that we choose is similar to the University web site which is really attractive to anyone who looks at the web site. In footings of practical qualities of my web site, I believe that I achieved precisely what I have been endeavoring for: edification without complication. Now, anyone who views the web site can happen information really easy, because they merely have to take from chief buttons. Although there is a batch of information on the web site, I think that it has been placed in an easy-to-use format. My efficiency during the undertaking likely left something to be desired. I believe that although I was on agenda most of the clip, I could hold decidedly been more efficient. One manner I could hold done this is to hold really mapped out which yearss I would work on which constituents, alternatively of merely delegating due day of the months. Most of the clip, I finished each constituent on the due day of the month, when I could hold finished earlier. In footings of engagement, I worked on different constituents of the web site. I besides modified parts of it when needed. I can likely state that I â€Å" actively † created the undertaking with my squad. I believe that the undertaking meets the original purpose, and it is a success.

Climate Changes Impact On Coral Reefs Environmental Sciences Essay

This undertaking is given by our instructor and we were supposed to compose about the clime alterations. I decided to compose about the subject â€Å" coral reef † . I want to cognize more about coral reefs, non merely the general facts about how they look like or what sort of coloring material they have, but more about the interesting facts. Why are they of import today, how we as human ruin them and what we can to halt this procedure? As it says on International Coral Reef Initiative â€Å" For the first clip since 1998, mass coral bleaching is impacting coral reefs across a broad country of Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. Bleaching has been reported in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Maldives, and parts of E Africa. I know it exists menaces against coral reefs, and I want to larn more about them and what are the effects of e.g. coral bleaching. In the quotation mark above it says that coral bleaching is increasing. Why? What are coral reefs?Coral reefs, indicated by ruddy points, are found preponderantly in tropical Waterss 30 grades north and South of the equatorCoral reefs are among the oldest ecosystems in the universe. They are located 30 grades north or South of the equator, chiefly in the Indonesia and Pacific Ocean. In the Bahamas at 32 grades at that place exists an exclusion. The coral reefs can populate at that place because of the warm H2O from the Gulf of Mexico. Today the coral reefs are the largest life construction on Earth and the Great Barrier Reef is the largest individual construction in the universe Coral are single animate beings and a individual coral is called polyp. Largely the polyp live in groups of 100s to 1000s indistinguishable animate beings, and organize a â€Å" settlement † . The procedure which formed the settlement is called budding and literally the original polyp transcripts itself and the settlement grows. There exist two ways for the coral to turn either add to their limestone or reproducing. When a coral attention deficit disorder to their limestone is means that they secrete more calcium carbonate around and under their cup. The coral will so turn both upwards and outwards. The 2nd method is by reproducing either asexually or sexually. In the nonsexual manner the coral produced indistinguishable ringers or in a sexual manner by directing out sperm or eggs. Corals are divided into three different types depending on where signifier. The first one and most common is fringing reefs. They are close to the seashore and they form a boundary line to project themselves. Barrier reefs are another type and are similar to fringing reef. These besides environment land multitudes, but form a boundary line at a distance. The 3rd group of reef are called atolls and are either egg-shaped or round. They are lying off the seashore. ( See beginning 4 + 6 )Why are corals of import?Today coral reefs are of import and necessary in the universe. Great Barrier Reef, which is the universe largest reef, stretches along the nor'-east cost of Australia. The reef consist of over 3A 000 single reef and has a length of 30A 000 kilometers. It is really possible to see it from the outer infinite. A satellite exposure of the Great Barrier Reef The reef includes 400 coral species, 2A 000 fish species and six of seven species of sea polo-necks. There are many different types of coral which have assorted colorss. ( See beginning 3 )Why are the corals deceasing?There are many menaces to coral reefs. Some menaces are natural happening such as marauders and hurricanes. These are made of course, but because of planetary warming the menaces harmonizing to the coral reefs addition. Others menaces are made by human among them overfishing and pollutions. Consequence of coral bleaching Marauders and hurricanes are natural happening and it is difficult to make something about these happening because they happen of course, still increasing of rainfall over a long period lessening coral growing. The coral reefs need sunlight, clear H2O, seawater with a specific salt and warm H2O ( 23 – 29 grades Celsius ) to populate. However, addition in the temperature degree and altered salt affects the coral reefs severely. Merely one grade rise in temperature influences the coral. The harm is called coral bleaching and involves that the coral expels the algae which gives the coral its coloring material. Alternatively of being colorful the coral takes on a blunt white visual aspect. The algae do n't return if the emphasis is prolonged and as a consequence the coral dies. â€Å" The bleaching is really strong throughout Southeast Asia and the cardinal Indian Ocean. The studies are that it is the worst since 1997/1998. This is a truly immense event and we are traveling to se e a batch of corals deceasing † says Dr Mark Eakin Overfishing is a menace made by human. Today many people are dependent on fish as an income and nutrient, still overfishing is a job. It affects the coral by â€Å" taking cardinal species from the marine nutrient concatenation † . Furthermore the methods used to catch fish can besides be harmful to the coral. For case 15 states use nitrile fishing which involves dumping toxicant onto reefs to stupefy fish for easier assemblage. The toxicant does n't merely impact the fish, but besides the reefs. Another sensational method is called blast fishing, utilizing explosives to stupefy fish, and the method is used by more than 40 states. As a consequence of the detonation the coral are ripped apart and destroyed. On the other manus, addition of the H2O degree increases the thriving for harmful algae and other rivals. More rivals and harmful algae mean less infinite for the coral to growing. Likewise out of use sunlight lessening the growing for a coral and the coral can decease. ( Se e beginning 5 )Decisionâ€Å" Seventy per centum of coral reefs may be gone in less than 40 old ages if the present rate of devastation continues † . This destructing procedure has to be stopped, and it needs to be shortly. Coral reefs are place to over 1 million different species and protect the coastal metropoliss. In add-on to this, coral reefs create 1000000s of occupation and unafraid income for many people in more than 100 states in the universe. However coral reefs are a nutrient beginning for the people who live near the reefs, particularly the people on little islands. Another interesting fact is that without the being of coral reefs, parts of Florida would be under H2O. ( See beginning 7 )Beginningshypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htmHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral ( 06.12.2010 ) reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ † url=http: //www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/greatbarrierreef/ ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htmHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm? parent=coral-reef.htm & A ; url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html † url=http: //www.nature.org/joinanddonate/rescuereef/explore/facts.html ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coral-reef1.htm ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coral-reef2.htm ( 06.12.2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/what-are-corals ( 06.12.10 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/benefits-coral-reefs ( 06.12.2010 )

Pyrex Case Study Essay

The current dilemma with World Kitchen is to continuing making Pyrex themselves, or to contract the manufacturing out and buying it that way. This problems has arisen because of the aging Pyrex plant in Charleroi needs an upgrading and they have decided to look at it to see if it is better to outsource it or to upgrade the plant and continue to make it. Pyrex was first started in the early 1900’s by Corning Glass Works. It was made by mistake when Bessie Littleton the wife of a Corning chemist ask her husband to bring home s some strong shatterproof glass for her to use in the kitchen. What her husband did was bring two jars home, made of low- expansion glass. Bessie had cooked a sponge cake in one of the glasses and she found out that the cooking time was shorter, it did not stick to the glass, the flavor washed off of it and did not stick to the glass, and she could see through it to see how the cake was baking. The Chemist then took the cake to his work the following day an d had his coworkers look at what she had made with the glass he took home. They then began a two year process to perfect the glass and to start selling it. So in 1915 Pyrex started to hit department and China stores everywhere. World Kitchen was formed in 2000 and is the current owner of Pyrex. World Kitchen already outsources a bunch of their products and this is so they can stay competitive with the competition. That is because with a lot of their current products they are made cheaper overseas versus the cost it would be to make them in the states. By 2006 World Kitchen only owned two plants in United Stated the Pyrex one in Charleroi and a Corelle Plant. The two plants use different forms of technology, the Charleroi plant uses tempering the thick translucent glass while the Corelle plant uses a processes by pressing three layers of thin strengthened opaque glass together. In the Charleroi plant they have a furnace that has to run 24 hours a day and it is extremely costly to run. So if they were to keep the Charleroi Plant the first thing that they would have to change is the furnace and find a better way to heat the glass. That way they would not have to constantly run it and they could slow down and speed up production accordingly. Since World Kitchen currently outsources the manufacturing of a lot of their other products they  have existing relationships with potential manufacturers t hat might be interested in making the Pyrex Line. The problem is that there might not be a foreign plant that can meet the demand for the Pyrex line of products. Also with contracting the product and making it overseas, in order for World Kitchen to get the product back in the United States they will be paying Tariffs and those Tariffs vary from country to country. World Kitchen is currently a privately owned company which is better because with the decision to either continuing to manufacture Pyrex or to outsource it will be done directly by the head CEO’s and they will not need to worry about what stockholders think. According to market research done in 2006 it was an estimate that 79 percent of homes owned at least one Pyrex product. It also showed that Pyrex held a 75 percent share of the current market. World Kitchen s market share was dominant among makers of glass makers, the Pyrex products was also compared to no glass products such as metal, plastic, and ceramic bake ware. So we are going to look at the pro’s and cons that are associated with continueing production at the Charleroi plant or if it will be better to outso urce the production of Pyrex. 1. What are the pros and cons of continuing production at the Charleroi plant? When a supply chain is choosing a manufacturer or a product to carry, one of the things they usually look at is where it is made. This is because depending on the location there are different pro’s and con’s that can be associated with the product. For example Pyrex is made in Charleroi, Pennsylvania and I am going to talk about the pros and the cons of Pyrex continuing the production here. One of the main good things about continuing the production at the Charleroi plant is that you can manage the production and the quality on a day to day basis or however you like. If it was somewhere out of the country than you would not be able to visit the plant as often and assure the same standard of quality that was suspected of it. Another good thing about continuing production here is that is has the stamp â€Å"Made in the USA† which is a good marketing strategy within itself. That is because people in the US like and are willing to buy a product more if it was made on it’s on soil. The logistics of transporting the goods will be cheaper and you will not have to jump through the hoops of importing  it into the states. This will mean that you will always have the same delivery time for an order to whomever you are sending it to. If it is made overseas there are a numerous number of things that can delay an order that is out of the manufacturers and buyers hands. A lot of states offer companies tax credits for having a plant in the state and creating jobs for people within that state. Another thing about continuing production at the Charleroi plant is that Pyrex will not have to change anything it is currently doing with production, logistics, and personnel. When you change something that you are currently manufacturing and the way it is made you are risking the possibility of a drastic change to the product. There are also costs related to changing the location and bringing in people to help make that happen. Along with the good things about having the Charleroi plant in operation there are also a number of cons that haunt this. One thing is that you might lose some of the market because the competition will be selling a product that is cheaper and this is because it is cheaper to make overseas. You might not be able to compete with the price and thus lose customers. Another downside would be having to deal with unionized workers in the US, if they do not like their pay or some type of labor condition they could go on strike which will than put production on a halt and money and product will be lost. Another downside about the Charleroi plant is the furnace and the costs to operate it each year. They stated one year they were to make 41 million pieces of Pyrex and the cost to make the pieces would be 39 million. So making that much product you would only have a 2 million dollar profit, which isn’t bad but the labor and the costs of paying the workers is the most expensive thing and can be cut down or even out if there are better and cheaper ways to make. Along with the expense you do not have the flexibility to operate the furnace when you want and you do not have the flexibility to change the speed of production that much either. You cannot control how many products and how much time it takes to make as well and this is because the furnace controls that because you cannot speed it up or slow it down. The furnace is the bottle neck of the batch process and even to upgrade it and make it a better process is going to cost Pyrex quite a bit of money and time. Probably the main con about continuing production here is the cost that is going to be associated with upgrading the facility. Just rebuilding the furnace alone is going to cost an estimated 12 million  dollars. While you are rebuilding the furnace and upgrading the facilities you are going to have to look at a different location to help with the production of Pyrex anyways. This goes in hand with the current profit margin which was only 2 million dollars off of 39 million dollars’ worth of product. This is because of the high costs that was associated with making the Pyrex at the Charleroi plant. 2. What downside might there be with the offshore outsourcing production of the Pyrex product line to oversea suppliers. One of the major downsides of offshore outsourcing of the product lines to different countries is getting the product back in the United States. This is called Tariffs and they can range from 22.5 percent to 4 percent depending on the country and what the US import rate is for that country. So that is something that will overall make the product price somewhat even out. You will have the cheaper labor and not-so strict manufacturing guidelines in some other countries but you will have to pay the tariff to get it back here. One of the major and first things that they need to look at though is to make sure that the over sea companies will be able to match the productivity with the demand of the product. If they are not able to manufacture enough of the product in a certain time than Pyrex will be losing money to the competition that might have the similar type of product in stock. Another thing that the suppliers quoted were the lead times that it could take them to get the product to the distribution center. These times ranged from 4 days to 36 days, depending on what country the product would come from. These can change from day to day according to the situation as well, because there might be a delay at the inspection to get the freight into the United States or a storm holds off the shipment on the other side of the world. So orders will need to be put in almost 2 months ahead of time. This is possible as we have learned in previous chapter, to do but will not be as accurate versus 2 weeks ahead of time. So this can lead to either an over or understock of items. This is because the demand for the product can change on a weekly basis based off many factors. If the work and process is outsourced than you also run the possibility of another country or company getting the process and making a copycat product. This was actually done in China when they were searching for glass manufacturers  there. This is because other countries might not follow or have the strict patent laws that the US follows. This is one reason why there are a lot of â€Å"fake† items made in other countri es. In China, they uncovered companies claiming to be the producers of the product and even used the Pyrex logo on their website. Another thing that I mention in question number one is they will not have control over the manufacturing of the product as much as they do now. If they contract it out overseas, unless they hire someone to always be at the plant they will not know if the contractor is making the product like it was originally made and if the contractor takes short cuts than the product will lose its originality and quality possibly. That means the recipe to make the product can be changed and with something like glass, when you barely change the way it is made it will drastically effect the quality. If you have a strict contract that states the product will be made for a number years the exact same way, you cannot just change it in the middle of a contract when you contract it overseas. That means if market research shows the product can be more effective or cost effective made a certain way, you have to wait until the contract ends with the current manufacturer before you can change anything about i t. If it still made by the company in the states you can change the product however you want whenever you want. That includes if you want to start manufacturing a new line of products with the Pyrex quality and name. It will be much longer because you will have to negotiate the process and prices with the contractor versus just getting the numbers and materials yourself and starting it when it is the most appropriate. 3. If the recommendation is to offshore outsource, what issues have to be addressed with the Charleroi plant? If Pyrex decides to go to offshoring outsourcing the product than the Charleroi plant has to have some type of shutdown procedure. These procedures are important because it is a plan that will help lay off or redistribute the workers as well as the products and equipment. One of the biggest problems is to retain and layoff the workers once they find out the Charleroi plant is being shut down. Shutdowns are usually announcements that the company or organization will tell everyone so they can prepare what to do next. They need to retain a number of workers though while they look for and implement their outsourced manufactures to  start making the products. A lot of workers will start looking for new jobs and quit to start those new jobs, this can be good because the company will not have to lay off a bunch of workers. They might be able to transfer some workers to the New Yor k Plant though. They do need to give some workers an incentive to stay though until the shutdown is complete. Next all of the equipment used to make the product will either need to be sold or sent to the new operations facilities. They need to figure out if the old equipment is worth keeping or if they want to upgrade it to make a better product. They do not want to sell the equipment to possible competitors though because then they will be able to copy their process of making the Pyrex. We also need to look at and make sure that the overseas plant will be able to completely fulfill the orders and if not than the Charleroi plant might not have to shut down completely. They might be able to keep it and operate it only at 10 percent to help with increased orders or high demand, that is only if the outsourced manufactures cannot produce enough of the product. After everything is out and the plant is shut down the company needs to look at if they want to keep the building or not. If the New York plant is still running and the shipment of the products overseas need a place to stay before they are sent to stores, than the building might be able to be turned into a warehouse. Which than Pyrex needs to determine how they can transfer the manufacturing plant into a warehouse because of the unpredictability of the shipping of the products from overseas, Pyrex needs to be able to get products to customers fast. They also need to figure out how much it is going to actually cost to shut down the plant because at the same time the company is going to be spending a lot of money on getting the new manufactures up to speed on the product. So there are a number of issues that need to be addressed when shutting down the Charleroi and they are the rearranging of personnel, how long it will take to shut the plant down, what to do with all the assets inside the plant, and even what to do with the building after everything is gone and shutdown.