The Role Of The McDonaldization In Society Free Essay Example, 1750 words

In the high education, there has been an emphasis on degree programs and choices that are considered to be playing well in the outside world. As a result, the students and colleges have emphasized in an increased number of programs that are preferred by the students due to increased job prospect. The rationalization in the area has led to the increased enrolment of students in such fields. This has also led to the perception of the student as a consumer. This has led to the engagement in a promotion that ensures enlisting of an increasing number of students. The increasing number of students makes it difficult for most of the universities to provide quality education. Moreover, such focus allows colleges to sell the notion of what the universities achieve instead of focusing the attention and resources on academics. Additionally, funding in most of the institutions has been based on a number of enrollments. As a result, in pursuit of money, most of the institutions have devised ways of increasing enrolments with total disregard to the quality of education. The focus on Portland State University (PSU) and University of Phoenix (UP) highlights the different issue. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of The McDonaldization In Society or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In PSU mission, the focus is on intellectual, social, cultural and economic qualities of urban life (Portland State University (PSU) 1). This is possible as education is provided to people of all ages. The professional and graduate programs are deemed relevant to metropolitan areas. There is also a focus on research and community service. On the other hand, PU mission is to provide access to higher education opportunities (University of Phoenix (UP) 1). This helps the student to develop knowledge and skills necessary for their professional goals (University of Phoenix (UP) 1). The mission portrays some advantage and disadvantage. The advantage of PSU is the focus on research and community service. Moreover, it offers education to people of all age.

Compare And Contrast Theodore Roosevelt And The...

During the Progressive Era, two presidents, Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, were very essential and celebrated during their time. Roosevelt became president in 1901 and was probably one of the most influential Republicans ever to have power over the American people (â€Å"Theodore Roosevelt.†). Being a democrat, Woodrow Wilson ran his campaign in a very different way than President Roosevelt. He became president in 1913 and was easily one of the best presidents the United States ever had, leading the Americans through World War I (History.com Staff). With both presidents being very great, they compare and contrast through their achievements and their failures throughout the Progressive Era. Becoming president after the assassination of†¦show more content†¦Woodrow Wilson, in his presidency, ran the country a little bit different with a democratic perspective. He wanted a lot of reforms for the country, but he mainly focused on equality between smaller businesse s and bigger businesses. He came up with the New Freedom Philosophy, which placed government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses and the Underwood Tariff, making things easier and lowering tariffs on imported goods (â€Å"United States History†). His reforms centered around making sure the lesser businesses and organizations were just as powerful as the larger organizations. He also put the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act into operation. The Federal Reserve Act placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board (â€Å"United States History†). Its main focus was to put baking into the central part of the country. The Federal Trade Commission Act monitored business practices, dishonest labeling, and false advertising to make sure everything was equal (â€Å"United States History†). To conclude, Wilson had a lot of reforms and a lot of them related to Roosevelt and how he wanted the country to be ru n. Going along with Wilson, the two presidents had a lot in common. They both wanted the American people to be the happiest they could be and they tried to evoke that. They wanted the economy to improve, as well as the daily life of the nation. Though they were similar in these ways, their ideas of going about itShow MoreRelatedcompare and contrast of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson808 Words   |  4 Pages Compare and Contrast of the Presidency of Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt By HIS 204 American History since 1865 Instructor: Kathleen Scarpena November 25, 2013 Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson are two of America’s most celebrated presidents during the 20th century. Theodore Roosevelt who was a Republican had a military background and created the American conservation movement. Theodore Roosevelt was also once shot by an would be assassin and still managed to giveRead MoreAll The King s Men By Robert Penn Warren889 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal story of Jack as the latter comes to realize his responsibility for the world around him. The insight that this book gives on politician life’s can compare and contrast history events thought the different themes like visions of America, alcohol, politics, and education. To begin, the theme of the visions of America is used to compare and constant history events. The U.S. s history of slavery continues to trouble generations of Americans and impacts Americans view of themselves. The bookRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pages1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. †¢ Politics †¢ Social conditions †¢ Labor and working conditions 5. 5. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movementsRead MoreComparison Between Karl Marx And Emile Durkheim1501 Words   |  7 PagesName: Crystal Henrick FL6132 Compare and contrast the various early European urban theorists as found in Chapter 1 of the course text. (300-400 words) The two theorists i’ve decided to compare and contrast are Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. Firstly i’ll compare them to one another. From all the readings I did and past education on these individuals I found they have a lot of the same views in regards to religion. Both Emlie Durkheim and Karl Marx believe that religion is a projection of mans hopesRead MoreEruopean Expansion4283 Words   |  18 Pageswith the Indians. What specific developments illustrate that the English living in the plantation colonies tried to apply these lessons? Select any combination of two of the three colonial settlement areas (South, New England, middle) and compare and contrast them. Focus on the motives of their founders, religious and social orientation, economic pursuits, and political developments. To what degree was the government of Massachusetts Bay simultaneously theocratic, democratic, oligarchic, and authoritarianRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 PagesIndians. What specific developments illustrate that the English living in the plantation colonies tried to apply these lessons? (25 pts) 2. Compare and contrast the ways in which tobacco and sugar affected the social and economic development of colonial America (10pts) Chapter 3 Study Guide â€Å"Settling the Northern Colonies† 1. Compare and contrast the motives of the their founders, religious and social orientation, economic pursuits, and political developments of TWO of the early colonialRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 Pagescolonies between 1607 and 1775? (2001) 9. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1740) in TWO of the following regions: New England Chesapeake Middle Atlantic (2002) 10. Compare the ways in which TWO of the following reflected tensions in colonial society. Bacons Rebellion (1676) Pueblo Revolt (1680) Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692) Stono Rebellion (1739) (2003 B) 11. Compare and contrast the ways in which economic development affectedRead MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 Pagesyour students have not mastered the expository essay form, you may want to try a simpler activity that will require them to use these documents. You could pose a quiz question requiring them to compare the New England and Chesapeake colonies including the information in Documents D and E. Or they could compare the Spanish and French efforts using the information in Documents B and D. Another possibility would be a jigsaw activity using these documents. Divide your class into four groups and assign studentsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagespoints both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the lateRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAffect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics

Management Accounting and Important Elements Making Quick Service

Question: Discuss about the Management Accounting and Important Elements . Answer: Need for information In order to take key decisions, information needs to be collected for the use of the management and other senior staff. These decisions could be related to the introduction of any new variety or variant, pricing decisions, staffing decisions and decisions regarding processes in order to improve the quality. In order to make these decisions, it is imperative that accurate, reliable, relevant information must be made available to the relevant decision makers within the deadline. This enables that key business decisions are taken with clarity and rationale rather than relying on intuition and unreliable sources (Coomb, et. al., 2005). Types of Information and collection The information could be divided into two major types namely financial and non-financial. The financial information typically deals with financial aspects such as pricing, profit margin along with various expenses and the returns generated on the business. However, the non-financial information would typically deal with information that is non-monetary typically to do with the customer experience, issues faced along with quality of service delivered by the staff, sufficiency of staffing and ordering of supplies (Coomb, et. al., 2005). Collection of non-financial information One potential source of non- financial information is through customer surveys which not only provide feedback about the current services but also indicate the potential avenues of dissatisfaction in relation to the existing practices. Based on the feedback from the customers, the management along with the senior staff may make relevant decisions (Bhosle, 2015). The company has set up a dedicated web link for continuous collection of consumers from all across Australia which then is sent to the relevant franchise or store so that if any corrective measures (KFC, nd). This is a potent means of information especially from the consumer perspective. Further, non-financial information about the company could also be obtained through various online platforms where the customers tend to regularly share their experiences and particularly list down any inconvenience which they might have faced. Some relevant non-financial information may also be obtained through industry reports which tend to divulge information on the customer satisfaction, market shares and other non-financial indicators of performance for the firms based in this sector (Bhosle, 2015). Collection of financial information A key source of financial information tends to be management information systems in relation to the operations of the restaurant. These particular systems tend to record the various aspects of financial performance of the underlying restaurant or company as the case may be. Further, this information can then be used for business decision making particularly by focusing on aspects where the company is not performing (Sandhu, 2011). Management Accounting Techniques Management accounting plays a critical role in providing the information that is required by the management to take various decisions in order to maximize the sales and minimize the underlying costs involved (Coomb, et. al., 2005). One of the most crucial aspects with regards to management accounting is the analysis of sales trends. This is critical since it enables the store manager to track the performance of the given store. Based on the underlying trends, the store may need to introduce various alterations in the pricing structure in order to enhance the overall footfalls and the resulting revenues. Suitable promotional measures may be introduced to boost sales on particular days when the business usually remains low. Also, the store may look at rationalizing the processes in accordance with the sales trend of the various products. The processes need to be customized so as to ensure lesser time consumption in the preparation and delivery of frequently ordered items rather than the one which would be required only infrequently (Scarlett, 2005). Further, trends about demand of various products can also be obtained which can enable the store manager to carry out the requisite planning in relation to operational decisions such as staff and inventory planning. This is a critical aspect as manpower costs are a key cost for the business. Also, considering the perishable nature of the supplies and limited storage space, the restaurant manager needs to rationalize orders whereby the availability of stock is also not an issue but at the same time the ordering and carrying costs along with wastage are reduced. Another key aspect of management accounting is the customer feedback regarding the store which may have been collected through a host of techniques. Of particular importance are the customer complaints if any which need to be dealt with on priority. By taking the feedback of the customers into perspective, key store decisions need to be made so as to ensure a better experience for the customers. Performance Management The existing literature tends to support that performance based incentives go a long way in enhancing the motivation of the employees and thereby enhances the overall hard work given by the staff. It is pivotal to note that motivation may be extrinsic or intrinsic. While intrinsic motivation is essentially dependent on the underlying employee, but the organization needs to take definitive measures in order to extrinsically motivate the employees through rewards and promotions (Scarlett, 2005). This ensures that employee turnover remains low and also the employee loyalty is maintained. KFC Australia tends to provide the employees with a rewarding career and as a result tend to spend on the development through training (KFC, 2017). Further, considering that the company employees host of hourly employees, hence the reliance is primarily on rewarding through non-monetary rewards. Besides, there are limited opportunities for rewards for the hourly workers, however the employees on payroll tend to have better opportunities in this regard (Jones, 2010). The performance at work is recognized and the company provides rewards in the form of gift coupons (Nelson, 2012. p.50). Usually cash based bonuses are not given to the employees and additional rewards include free meals and higher % discount on the meals. The company considers these imperative in order to retain the employees which is critical in the fast food industry (Jones, 2010). References Bhosle, O. (2015), 5 important elements making quick service restaurant successful, Customer 360, [Online] Available at https://customer360.co/customer-experience/5-important-elements-making-quick-service-restaurant-successful/ [Accessed April 17, 2017] Coombs, H., Hobbs, D., and Jenkins, E. (2005), Management Accounting: Principle and Application. 4th edn., Brisbane: SAGE Jones, B. (2010). KFC keeps staff recognition and bonuses on the menu, [Online] Available at https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/june-2010/kfc-keeps-staff-recognition-and-bonuses-on-the-menu/ [Accessed April 17, 2017] KFC (2017), Message from Rob Phipps, Chief People Officer, [Online] Available at https://csr.kfc.com.au/people.html [Accessed April 17, 2017] KFC (n.d.), Guest Experience Survey, [Online] Available at https://u.kfcvisit.com/aus?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 [Accessed April 17, 2017] Nelson, B. (2012), 1501 Ways to Reward Employees, 3rd edn., New York: Workman Publishing Sandhu, J. (2011), Management Information System, [Online] Available at https://jeevan-sandhu.blogspot.in/2011/08/kentucky-fried-chicken.html [Accessed April 17, 2017] Scarlett, R. (2005), Management Accounting- Performance Evaluation. 5th edn., Sydney: Elsevier

The Battle Of Saratoga 2 Essay Research free essay sample

The Battle Of Saratoga 2 Essay, Research Paper The Battle of Saratoga was in all likelihood the most of import conflict of the Revolutionary War. One misconception about this conflict is that it was really two conflicts right following to each other. These conflicts could hold really easy been a glorious British triumph, but the settlers outsmarted them, taking to a singular colonial triumph. Without a uncertainty, these conflicts were the turning point in the war. There are two points of the importance of the American triumph: foremost, it was the greatest triumph for the Americans in the war, and 2nd, France will come in the war on the settler s side. It all started with a really good British program. The British General Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne proposed a program to assail the northern settlements and cut them off from the others. Burgoyne was to take a force coming from Montreal, Canada to Upstate New York, where he would run into up with forces from Barry St. We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle Of Saratoga 2 Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Leger, coming from the West, and General Cornwallis coming from the South. They would so environ the settlers and claim triumph. However, as the old expression goes, The best set programs of mice and work forces most frequently go astray. In June, 1777, General Burgoyne set out from Montreal, on his manner to Upstate New York, with an ground forces of stopping point to 7,000 British soldiers, German soldier of fortunes ( besides known as Hessians ) , Loyalists, and Indians. Burgoyne s force proceeded down Lake Champlain and recaptured Fort Ticonderoga on July 5, 1777. After this, he so led his military personnels towards Albany, where he was supposed to run into up with the other two British forces. This well planned out meeting neer took topographic point. The British force led by General St. Leger neer made it to Albany because they were held back by a force of colonial militiamen. They were stuck contending the American ground forces when they should hold been in Albany. The other British force, led by General Cornwallis, was besides drawn off from Albany. As they were traveling north, Cornwallis s military personnels encountered a Continental Army led by General G eorge Washington. Alternatively of go oning north, they followed Washington s military personnels, who went back south. This left the lone British force to contend against a big American force led by General Horatio Gates. The two conflicts of Saratoga were at Freeman s Farm and Bemis Heights, two countries really near to each other. During both of these conflicts, General Gates merely sat back patiently and waited for the aggressive British ground forces to have on themselves out. This was a cagey maneuver. The conflict of Freeman s Farm was fought on September 19, 1777. As a consequence of this conflict, the British had 600 casualties, whereas the Americans merely had 320. The 2nd conflict, the conflict of Bemis Heights, was fought on October 7, 1777. At this conflict, the British had 600 more casualties as opposed to approximately 150 American casualties. Outnumbered and surrounded, Burgoyne reasonably much had no pick but to give up. General Johnny Burgoyne surrendered to the colonial ground forces on October 17, 1777. The Battles at Saratoga were decidedly the turning point in the war. They proved that the American s could win the Revolutionary War, which finally happened. After this conflict, the American forces got stronger for two grounds: France entered the war, and Prussian drillmaster Baron Von Steuben volunteered to assist flog the Continental Army into form. Following Von Steuben s preparation of the soldiers, the Americans looked like a wholly different ground forces. They were now disciplined, every bit good as educated in European combat tactics. I don t think that any of these of import events would hold occurred had non the Americans been winning at Saratoga. I don t even think the Americans would hold won the Revolutionary War if they didn t win in Saratoga. List OF 1 ) Battle of Saratoga, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.spa.net/battle/battle.htm 2 ) Leete Stone, William, Visit to the Saratoga Battle-Grounds, 1780-1880, Associated Faculty, January 1970 3 ) Revolutionary War in America World Book Encyclopedia World Book-Childcraft International, 1982

Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Example

Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Example Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Outline the key events in the life of Lenin Referential Lenin Referential was born on the 22nd August 1902 in Berlin and in her young life grew a developed skill in classical dancing which led to many of her experiences throughout her life. Refrigerants dancing career began in 1 921 and continued until 1 925, it was in this time that the expressionist movement was booming in Berlin and Referential became a central figure of this movement. She persuaded the leading theatre manager and producer, Max Reinhardt to sign her up as a professional dancer. Her dancing career although only lasting 4 years saw her traveling all across Europe, it ended abruptly after she suffered a major setback injuring her knee. Following her experience on the stage Referential began acting in 1 926 and starred in many films exhibiting the mountain genre. Her first film The Holy Mountain, directed by Arnold Fancy premiered in 1926 and officially began her acting career, which in the coming years would see her star in 5 more Fancy films. Referential was commonly depicted as the heroine of the films as he demonstrates her determination and bravery, carrying out the climbing scenes herself. By 1933 Lenin was a highly popular movie star in Germany. After staring in five films Referential spent much time with the directors of the film and as she felt fitting decided to begin directing films. The Blue Light 1932 was her first released directed film and exhibited the techniques she had experienced when filming with Fancy, for this reason her film was extremely well received by the audiences and was extremely successful. In her making of films she was persuaded to witness Hitler address the German public at the Berlin Rally, it is here that her fascination with the man was expressed to the point where she wrote a letter asking to meet him. Hitters response to Refrigerants request to meet with him was taken positively and in May 1 932 Hitler and Referential met at Wilhelmina on the Baltic Coast. It was in this meeting that Hitler asked Lenin to direct movies for his Nazi party and she quickly became part of Hitless inner circle. Triumph of the Will 1934 was Lenss first propaganda film depicted Hitler and his Nazi party. The film of the 1 934 Emergent Rally was shown only as a newsreel and not as a film, Hitler desired to see his rallies directed as a film so he gave Lenin unrestricted access to resources to guarantee that the film would be complete to the highest standard. She assembled her own film crew and produced a film that that was deliberately devised to promote the image of Hitler as the leader of German people. Lenin spent 5 months editing over 100000 meters of film before Triumph of the Will was released in 1935. Olympia was Lenss second directed film under the influence of Hitler, although it was not meant to be a propagandist film, it was widely perceived as this and was not appreciated for its originality and new techniques. After the initial release of the film Lenin traveled all around Europe and in 1938 she visited the United States, this visit coincided with the Night of the broken glass that led Americans to question Lenss involvement with the Nazis. This begun her rejection in America and led to her being blacklisted in 1938 as the head of the Nazi film industry Refrigerants life, with her involvement in the Nazi party was tested on her inclusion with the party and fell sick; she faced legal and financial struggles. She emerged again after a time in seclusion as a photographer traveling to Africa to capture tribes that had been untouched by the Western society. Her name, still sparking controversy leaves her legacy crushed, and will never be remembered without her inclusion in the Nazi party. She died on the 8th of September 2003 shortly after her 101 SST birthday as the great dancer, actor, photographer and director Of the propagandist Nazi films.

Monosyllable - Definition and Examples

Monosyllable s A monosyllable is a  word or an utterance of one syllable. Adjective: monosyllabic. Contrast with  polysyllable.   In linguistics, monosyllables are most commonly studied in the fields of phonology  and morphology. Unlike a lexical monosyllable (such as dog, run, or big), a grammatical (or functional) monosyllable (such as the definite article the) has no semantic content. Etymology:  From the Greek, one syllable Examples and Observations For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbors, and laugh at them in our turn?(Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, 1813)[M]any of the finest passages in our language are nearly, if not altogether, monosyllabic. Indeed, it could not well be otherwise, if it be true that, as Dean Swift has remarked, the English language is overstocked with monosyllables. . . . Floy has written a lengthy and very ingenious article, entirely in monosyllables, in which he undertakes, as he says, to prove that short words, in spite of the sneer in the text, need not creep, nor be dull, but that they give strength, and life, and fire to the verse of those who know how to use them.(Gleanings From the Harvest-Fields of Literature, Science and Art: A Melange of Excerpta, Curious, Humorous, and Instructive, edited by Charles C. Bombaugh. T. Newton Kurtz, 1860) Small words can be crisp, brief, tersego to the point, like a knife. They have a charm all their own. They dance, twist, turn, sing. Like sparks in the night, they light the way for the eyes of those who read. They are the grace notes of prose. You know what they say the way you know a day is bright and fairat first sight. And you find, as you read, that you like the way they say it. Small words are gay. And they can catch large thoughts and hold them up for all to see, like rare stones in rings of gold, or joy in the eyes of a child. Some make you feel, as well as see: the cold deep dark of night, the hot salt sting of tears.(Joseph Ecclesine, Advice to Scientistsin Words of One Syllable. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 1965)Good friend, thou hast no cause to say so yet;But thou shalt have; and creep time neer so slow,Yet it shall come, for me to do thee good.I had a thing to say. But let it go.​(William Shakespeare, King John Act III, scene 3)And God said, Let t here be light: and there was light. And God saw the light, that it was good.(Genesis I) Lifes more than breath, and the quick round of bloodWe live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breathsWe should count time by heart-throbs. He most livesWho thinks mostfeels the noblestacts the best.Lifes but a means unto an end.(Philip James Bailey, Festus, 1839) The Lighter Side of Monosyllables Louisa Glasson:  Underneath the gruff,   monosyllabic, well-meaning but rude person, youre . . . gruff, monosyllabic, and, well, rude.Dr. Martin Ellingham:  What about well-meaning? ​(Caroline Catz and Martin Clunes, Erotomania.  Doc Martin, 2006) Pronunciation: MON-oh-sil-eh-bel

Network Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Planning - Essay Example The network planning model refers to a smooth structured approach that eliminates some of the redundant elements from the system so as to obtain an optimal network. The logistic network for a single warehouse needs to encompass all the essential elements of the logistic activities so that there is smooth flow of products and information along the logistic chain consisting of a single warehouse. The single warehouse would serve as a centralized warehouse for the overall business operations and would comprise of all the necessary facilities that would be required for the effective coordination amongst all the other elements encompassing marketing department to the customers (Radhakrishnan, 2001). The first step that would be essential for the network design would be proper analysis of all the required information of the company’s operations. This information analysis would enable in incorporating the best strategy for the logistic network. Since there would be a single warehouse that needs to be centralized and handle all of the operations starting from inventory keeping to that of semi-finished or finished products it is very much important to decide on the size and location of the warehouse that would be the next step of the logistic network planning. The next step in designing this optimal network would be calculation of the facility and transportation costs. There needs to be a proper estimation on what are the major costs that is associated with the logistic framework that would be required in the network set up comprising of single warehouse (Waters, 2010).The next step for the design of optimal network would be consideration of various facilities such as vendors, manufacturing center, customer service and the distribution center. These facilities need to be given importance as there is continuous flow of finished products and raw materials amongst these facilities

Damage Caused By Oil Spills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Damage Caused By Oil Spills - Essay Example In terms of property damage, there are certain laws that have been enacted owing to which people can claim for damages caused by the negative approach or negligence. However, individual or business units often deny the claim against a particular damage. This can be apparently seen in the cases of LOVELACE v. FIGURE SALON, INC and NATIONAL CANDY WHOLESALERS, INC. v. CHIPURNOI, INC. In this particular case held in the Court of Appeals of Georgia, the plaintiffs i.e. Marilyn Lovelace and her husband prosecuted a fitness facilities business run by named My Fair Lady. The business provides fitness equipment to its clients with the aim of improving their health and fitness. However, Marilyn Lovelace got injured from the equipment provided by My Fair Lady. The business further denied from entertaining any of the claims of the plaintiff on the ground of the contract signed amid the two parties. The defendant claimed that the contract signed by the plaintiff clearly mentioned that the use of the equipment by the customers for any exercise is entirely at their own risk. Hence, the defendant denied entertaining any claim of the plaintiff on the aforementioned ground (Leagle, Inc. 2014). In this particular case, National Candy Wholesalers, Inc (NCW) had taken a particular space of Atlanta Civic Center for lease. The company further provided a portion of the lease space to manufacturers of candies to showcase their products among which Chipurnoi was also included.

James Spencer Essay Example for Free

James Spencer Essay Introduction The conditions for the poor were terrible at the time when Charles dickens wrote the novel a Christmas carol to express his concern about the conditions for these people. At first Charles was going to show his concern by writing a serious pamphlet explaining the conditions people were living in but after much thought he decided a book would be better because he was a famous author. Charles believed this would help by alerting people of the lives the people were living so they would donate to charity at Christmas a time of giving. Paragraph 1 In stave one of the book we are introduced to Scrooge and Jacob Marley. In the first stave scrooge is described as and evil man and also you can tell this from the things he says Every idiot who goes around with Merry Christmas on his lips should be boiled with his own pudding and buried with a stake of holy through his heart. He replied to his nephew after he invited him to Christmas dinner this shows he dose not like Christmas and also he is very rude and is not afraid of sharing his point of view with others. Scrooge is rude to all the people who try to be nice to him in this first chapter from the men who asked for a donation for charity to his employee who asked for Christmas day off to whom he only just excepted say he needs to be in the earlier the next day. When scrooge goes home he sees the ghost of his ex-partner Jacob Marley who tells him he will have to mend his ways or he may end up with a similar fate. Paragraph 2 In stave two Scrooge is visited by the first of the three ghosts of Christmas the ghost of Christmas past. This chapter gives us a lot of important information on scrooge such as his time at school his work for Mr. Feziwig and his relationship that ended when he became obsessed with money I have seen you nobler aspirations fall off one by one until the master-passion, gain, engrosses you. Scrooges fianci e told him when she didnt want to see him anymore because he had changed at the begging of this chapter he is show as a hard working boy in school that didnt really have any friends but had a grate love for his sister. The chapter also tells us about the time he worked for Mr. Feziwig and how he used to have a good time and how he was bad employer because he didnt treat his staff to a good time. Paragraph 3 In stave three Scrooge meets the second of the ghosts the ghost of Christmas present who shows him what over peoples Christmas are like this shows the appalling conditions the Cratchits lived in and how his nephew disrespects him and what he says about him his offences carry their own punishment, and I have nothing to say against his. Fred said after he called a toast to his uncle later on at the meal they all insult scrooge. In this chapter we learn of the great poverty of the Cratchits were they have to share glasses and of tiny Tims illness and how he will die if scrooge doesnt help him. Paragraph 4 In stave for scrooge meets the last of the ghosts the ghost of Christmas future. In this chapter of the book scrooge finds out he has died and he realizes that no one liked him and that his money was not any use to him when he was dead he frightened everyone away from him when he was alive to profit us when he was dead! Ha, ha ha! The pawn broker says as we realizes all of scrooges possessions have been sold when they can no longer be any use to him as he is dead. In this chapter he realizes that being a bad person isnt any good to him and thats its better to be remembered as a good person than a bad one because thats all you have when you die. Scrooge has now changed and wants to be a better person and we see what he dose in the last chapter Paragraph 5. In the last chapter in the book scrooge seems to be happier person he dose this by trying to be nice to other people and by doing good deeds he also apologizes to bob and says a merrier Christmas, bob, my good fellow, than I have given for many a year! Ill raise your salary; endeavor to assist your struggling family. Scrooge said to bob on Christmas day he also gives the Cratchits a turkey anonymously and goes to dinner with his nephew and family this shows that scrooge has changed a lot and also want to be a better person. Conclusion I believe that by the end of the story scrooge is a better person and the only reason he became a bad person was because of his own ignorance to what was going on around him. Charles Dickens is try to tell his rich audience of readers that money isnt every thing and you can have a good time without it but if you do have it you should be generous and try to help over people have a good time and by doing that you will have a good time your self.

The Coal War, by upton sinclair :: essays research papers

THE COAL WAR Book 1, The Social Chasm By: Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair wrote The Coal War in 1976 being published by Colorado Associated University Press. Book One; "The Social Chasm," contained 69 pages while the entirety of The Coal War had 399 pages with two other Books. "The Social Chasm" was easy to follow and had an intriguing beginning. The Coal War portrays many situations common to the people of the coal fields and those making an effort to improve its conditions. This sequential story takes place in Western City and Harrigan College, where Hal attends. Through Hal, the main character of Upton Sinclair's story, Sinclair reveals his optimism as Hal's determination to fight the coal and mine laborers. The idea of Hal working alone to see that the fields and mines improve shows a general optimistic view. The Social Chasm tells of the hole that has been dug between the social classes. Hal, a wealthy man that has come from a prosperous and classy family, has heard of the cruelty and chaos that has been taking place at the coal camps in North Valley. Hearing stories of corruption, beatings, and even murders, Hal is convinced that the laborers' treatment be acknowledged and somehow improved. All of Hal's family and friends and even his fiancà ©e, Jessie Arthur, think his troubles and efforts are nothing more than stirring up controversy and disorder. Hal's first plan to expose the North Valley mistreatment was to use a poor boy that had lived in the coal camps and knew of its harm and neglect, named Little Jerry. His father, Jerry, had been beaten by guards who had found out he was a union leader, and was left to die. He recovered eventually, but incidents such as these were common in the camps and Hal was going to make sure that Little Jerry told everyone who could stop such treat ment, particularly those attending the Arthur party. The boy, however, just aroused sympathy and compassion from the higher classed people. He was just an unfortunate boy whom Santa Clause had not visited, and so the classy people filled his stomach with food, his hands with toys, and his eyes with glorious sites as he was given a tour of the Arthur estate. Now, having the actual crimes exposed, Hal wished to see the number of people who wanted to help him in his efforts to improve the camps and fields increase.

Emperor’s Club Plot

William Hundert (Kevin Kline) is a passionate Classics professor enthusiastic about the start of the school year. His class turns out to be a strict yet inspiring lesson for the new students arriving at St. Benedict's Academy. They include laid-back Louis Masoudi (Jesse Eisenberg), the introverted Martin Blythe (Paul Dano), and the studious Deepak Mehta (Rishi Mehta), all highly intelligent. Hundert inspires his students to study hard in order to become one of the three contestants for The Emperor's Club and be crowned â€Å"Mr.Julius Caesar,† a competition which puts the top three students of his class in a contest where they will be asked questions regarding the Classics. When the headmaster (Edward Hermann) explains the contest to the students, he mentions that Martin's father was once a â€Å"Mr. Julius Caesar. † Hundert quickly gains the respect of his class and the school year gets off to an orderly start. However, Hundert's tightly controlled world is shaken when a new student, Sedgewick Bell (Emile Hirsch), walks into his classroom. Bell is the cocky son of a senior U.S. Senator who possesses none of Hundert's principles. A fierce battle of wills begins between Hundert and Bell. Bell's rebellious nature quickly makes him the interest of the class, as he not only is willing to talk back against Hundert, he also freely shares pornographic material and is willing to play hooky and travel off-limits to a nearby prep school for girls. Despite Blythe's constant pleas not to break the rules, Masoudi and even studious Mehta find themselves enjoying their rebellious tendencies with Bell.Hundert humiliates Bell when he asks the class to list, in chronological order, all the Roman emperors. The other students comply in perfect unison, effectively embarrassing Bell, who has not studied the course material. Hundert also makes a trip to Washington D. C. to meet with Senator Bell from West Virginia. Bell's father is clearly uninterested in his son's char acter development while at St. Benedict's, instead telling Hundert just to teach Bell lessons so he can graduate, giving Hundert some insight into the younger Bell's upbringing.Hundert returns to St. Benedict's, where in a phone call, Senator Bell chews out Sedgewick for wasting his time in having to see Hundert and his money on the tuition. (But he does not yell at his son for being a slacker. ) After seeing a chastised Sedgewick, Hundert tries to develop a closer student-teacher relationship and become a mentor to Bell in order to help change him into a better man. Bell starts studying, proving to be a bright student, and his grades improve enormously. Bell finishes in the top three in Hundert's competition that precedes the Mr.Julius Ceasar contest, along with classmates Masoudi and Mehta. Bell had actually earned fourth place until Hundert privately decided to raise his grade on the final essay after reviewing it again, thus moving him above Blythe, the third place winner, whose father before him had been an Mr. Julius Ceasar winner, putting him under much pressure to live up to his father's reputation. Hundert is caught between celebrating Bell's newfound success and feeling guilty when he sees a despondent Blythe sitting all by himself under a tree.The entire school watches the competition as the three contestants are quizzed by Hundert. After many questions, the confident Masoudi is the first to make a mistake and he is thus eliminated. Hundert becomes increasingly suspicious of Bell raising his toga to his head to think. When Hundert takes a recess to confer with the headmaster; he is urged to give Bell a pass, as Senator Bell is in attendance. But he then asks Bell a question not in the books, â€Å"Who was Hamilcar Barca? , knowing full well that the answer would not be on any materials used to cheat (it was not in the curriculum) but knowing that Mehta would be able to answer it because earlier in the year, Hundert had seen him reading material abo ut Barca in his spare time. Bell is stumped and Mehta is crowned Mister Julius Caesar. Afterwards, Bell admits to Hundert having cheated by placing crib notes on the inside of his toga sleeve. Bell could not take the pressure of losing, and like his father, tried everything he could to guarantee a win. Although Hundert does not publicize this, the trust he once had with Bell is broken.Students move up to higher grades before their graduation from St. Benedict's Academy, and Bell shown reverting to his lax behavior and loss of interest in academia. In the year 1976, Bell is shown barely squeaking by in his classes, gaining acceptance to Yale University only on account of being Senator Bell's son. Hundert regrets not being able to influence Bell more. Twenty-five years later, Hundert is denied his bid to become headmaster of the school by the board, who feel he lacks the ability to drum up financial donations for the school. Hundert immediately resigns.Later he receives an invitation for a class reunion and a chance to meet up with his students at an event (surprisingly) staged by a full-grown Bell (Joel Gretsch), who is now extremely rich and successful. Once reunited with his students, he is impressed that every one of his students from that fateful class had done well since their days at St. Bendict's and all had successful careers in business, with Deepak Mehta now a professor himself. It is also revealed that Sedgewick Bell agreed to donate an additional 25,000 square foot addition to the St.Benedict library under the condition that a â€Å"Mr. Julius Caesar† rematch is held with alumni Masoudi and Mehta, Hundert presiding. This donation would be ironic, seeing that Hundert was denied becoming headmaster due to lack of fundraising abilities (so the board had deemed) and yet he would be the linchpin responsible for providing the largest donation to the school to date. Before the match Bell talks to Hundert about how his influence had really changed hi s life and he hopes that he would be able to regain his dignity in the rematch.An enthusiastic Hundert agrees to host once again. And so the Emperor's Club contest is again played, albeit the crowd being Bell's schoolfriends and their respective wives and children, and the three contestants still wearing togas, but with tuxedos. Masoudi answers the first question wrong, then tries for fun to guess the right answer in spite, humoring the crowd with fake Roman names such as â€Å"Gassius Flatulus. † Again, the main competition is between Mehta (Rahul Khanna) and Bell as both still remember (or kept up diligent study of) their lessons from Hundert's class.Sadly, despite Hundert's belief that Bell has changed, he is able to perceive that Bell is cheating, this time through a hired graduate student feeding him answers through a clandestine earpiece. Hundert poses another unofficial question, this one regarding the plaque over his door, asking â€Å"Who was Shutruk-Nakhunte† ? Despite supportive shouts from his classmates that this one is easy and they all know this one, Bell again does not know the answer due to him being a late arrival to Saint Benedict's and not being told about the leader at Mr.Hundert's first class (or ever taking the time to look around the classroom to study the plaque). Furthermore, any information about Shutruk-Nakhunte cannot be found in any textbook, which had been a point Hundert had made in his class way back when, explaining that without contribution to society, one is insignificant. Therefore, the hired grad student cannot feed Bell the correct answer, because he can't find it. Mehta is crowned Mr. Julius Caesar once again. After the competition ends and Bell congratulates Mehta for defending his title, Bell announces that he will be running for a seat in the U.S. Senate just like his father, stressing taxpayer funding of education. Hundert finally sees that Bell only used the event to drum up support for his campaign and to get contributions from his old classmates. Hundert, as well as Blythe, based on a look of humorous utter shock on his face, can scarcely believe it. Hundert and Bell run into each other in the bathroom, where Hundert confronts Bell about his immorality. Bell coldly goes on to tell Hundert that Hundert has no accomplishments in life, whereas he will become a nationally famous senator no matter what the cost.Bell also says it does not matter that he cheated, as life is full of cheaters. Just then, Bell's son, who had admired his father up to this point for his sound character, comes out of a stall with a pained expression on his face, and Bell is left to face his son and rationalize his Machiavellian ways. Hundert believes that Bell will become just like his father was; too wrapped up in his political life to devote attention to his family and properly raise his son. Hundert, realizing again that he has failed Bell, now recognizes the importance of letting Blythe know that he had given away Blythe's seat in the original â€Å"Mr.Julius Caesar† contest. He confesses his action from a quarter century ago to Blythe, who attempts to be mature about this revelation but then excuses himself, his mannerisms strongly suggesting he did not appreciate having old wounds reopened. Hundert, feeling he has failed two students, contemplates his legacy as a teacher. Hundert wakes up the next morning and goes to the dining room expecting one last breakfast with his pupils. Instead, he finds an empty room and is told that they have all left already.Hundert dejectedly returns to his room, only to discover that the men had thrown him a surprise party. All his students are at the party, except Bell, who is seen talking with reporters, beginning his political campaign. Nonetheless, the meeting is a joyous event as Hundert and his students talk about how much he has influenced them and how they are grateful that he was their teacher. Mehta gives Hundert a gift â€Å"from o ne teacher to another,† which is an inscribed plaque quoting the value of mentoring.Hundert finally comes to the realization that while he failed to turn Bell into a better man, he still has helped make many of his pupils into better men, and he realizes that his value is not based upon one failure or one success. He accepts the offer that he is always welcome for reinstatement at Saint Benedict's, going back to his old job as a teacher. Hundert thus returns to St. Benedict's Academy and again teaches Classics to a new class (which is now coeducational). It is also revealed that one of his students is Blythe's son, who is proud that his father was once Hundert's student.Hundert then asks Blythe's son to read the plaque over his door, just as young Blythe did at the beginning of the film. Hundert then looks out the window to see Martin Blythe proudly waving to him, and an expression that Hundert has found peace with his past troubles and gladness that he has been truthful with Blythe. It's also noticed that young Blythe reads the plaque without stumbling over the difficult words, while his father as a young boy had had trouble reading it, showing that young Blythe's father had taught his son what Hundert had taught him. Reference: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Emperor's_Club

Coca-Cola Company

Strategic planning determines where an organization is going over the next year or more, how it's going to get there and how it'll know if it got there or not. The focus of a strategic plan is usually on the entire organization, while the focus of a business plan is usually on a particular product, service or program. There are a variety of perspectives, models and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is developed depends on the nature of the organization's leadership, culture of the organization, complexity of the organization's environment, size of the organization and expertise of planners. Coca-Cola Company My organisation is ‘Coca-Cola’ and my organisation make strategic plans by their mission statement: ‘To refresh the world – in mind, body and spirit, To inspire moments of optimism – through our brands and actions, To create value and make a difference everywhere we engage’, their value statement: ‘Our shared values that we are guided by are: Leadership, Passion, Integrity, Accountability, Collaboration, Innovation and Quality’, their aims and objectives: The aim and objective of Coca-Cola Enterprises is ‘to be the best beverage sales and customer service company’. To them ‘best' means being the number one or second brand in every category in which they compete, being their customers most valued supplier and establishing a winning and inclusive culture corporate values and aims – meeting stakeholders expectations. Their organisational structure ensures that all the people of the same skills are grouped together; the main advantage of this type of management is that it allows the members of the team to share any information more freely across boundaries which would otherwise have existed. This type of organisational structure is called a matrix structure and it primarily helps Coca Cola company to achieve their aims and objectives because they’re able to cross section information from different departments of the company, so for example if they’re not selling their beverages so well then they can communicate with the managers to either take them off stock or reduce the price for a bit whilst more customers are attracted to it. This can be attained by their structure. Today, the intelligent organisation recognises that its own future well-being is, to a certain extent, dependent on the well-being of the communities within which it operates at a local, national and global level. It is important that investments which take place in the community, in terms of education, the environment, training, art and cultural institutions and many other causes are carefully thought through throughout the company. Decisions related to corporate citizenship are rather more difficult than the traditional business decisions which managers are used to making. Clear aims and objectives need to be established which fit well with an organisation's corporate values and aims. The intelligent organisation today takes these issues seriously and seeks to design careful, flexible, comprehensive strategies to guide their decisions. Organisations such as The Coca-Cola Company therefore have established strategies for corporate citizenship. Coca-Cola's strategy recognises that the well-being of communities is inextricably linked to the well-being of the business environment. A healthy business climate cannot co-exist for long with an ailing social environment. Strengthening both is therefore a goal for Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola is planning to increase international distribution and target international consumers with Japanese customers by maintaining a consistent strategy overseas, this structure helps the business to achieve their overall purpose and aims by making them more popular throughout more countries and promote them. This then makes more people aware of them and so a lot of their products are sold out more recently. Their organisational structure also helps them to achieve their purpose and aims as the structure allows all the employees to communicate with each other and so allows them to come out with more ideas as a whole group. Marks and Spencer’s company Marks and Spencer’s is my other organisation and the structure of the organisation and the strategic planning helps each business including the Marks and Spencer’s business organisations achieve their overall purpose and aims. There are many ways in which the business organisations do to accomplish this: their vision statement- ‘Our Vision’: To be the standard against which all others are measured. Their mission statement- ‘Our Mission’: To make aspirational quality accessible to all. Their value’s statement- ‘Our Values’: Quality, value, service, innovation and trust. Whether we're working at home or abroad, within our own stores or in partnership with our franchisees, our Vision, Mission and Values remain the same. Ensuring we meet our customers' needs with appealing, superior quality products at attractive prices’ and their aim’s and objectives- ‘Our aims and objectives’: To make money for the shareholders, and improve profit margins wherever possible. They do this by- Designing appealing products for its customers, innovating products and selling at prices that their customers are prepared to pay. The organisational structure for Marks and Spencer’s displays the hierarchy design, which shows how the people included rank from most important to least important. This type of structure is a functional structure and is useful for relatively large companies. Employees within the functional structure are differentiated to perform a specialized set of tasks. This helps Marks and Spencer’s to achieve their aims and objectives as for instance the marketing department would only be staffed with marketers responsible for the marketing of the Masks and Spencer’s products. The structure also helps this company to achieve it’s aims and objectives because as a result it does end up making money for the shareholders and can improve profit margins wherever possible by knowing who’s in charge of who, and who are the most important people for the job, which can make the decisions if needed to either reduce stock or raise stock as they’d be experienced. They have a commitment called ‘Plan A' which is all about environmental issues within the business. Things like, not sending waste to landfill and cutting carbon emissions. Although this is a good thing, it is mainly to improve its image and again, encourage people to shop with them. ‘We launched Plan A in January 2007, setting out 100 commitments to achieve in 5 years. We've now extended Plan A to 180 commitments to achieve by 2015, with the ultimate goal of becoming the world's most sustainable major retailer’. This is Marks and Spencer’s strategic planning and they will achieve this by working with their customers and suppliers to combat climate change, reduce waste, use sustainable raw materials, trade ethically, and help their customers to lead healthier lifestyles Marks and Spencer’s are currently providing their customers with food and cloth services and they are aiming to continue investing in and grow with providing service to their retail business. They are now introducing new clothing items for all ages and gender. This will help them meet their long term objective of growing and investigating within the UK retails. The cascading of goals and objectives should be motiving the entire workforce. The employees have to work together to implement the strategy and objectives and this also includes supporting organisations and to achieve a greater cascading of goals and objectives the organisations must try to enforce balance among its customer relationship, financial aspect and having better objectives to focus on the growth outlook.

Innovation at Toyota Essays

Innovation at Toyota Essays Innovation at Toyota Paper Innovation at Toyota Paper 1. Introduction What is Innovation? Innovation refers to the act of creating new products or processes. There are two main types of innovation: Product innovation Process innovation. Product innovation is the development of products that are new to the world or have superior attributes to existing products. Process innovation is the development of a new process for producing products and delivering them to customers. Examples include Toyota, which developed a range of new techniques known as the Toyota lean production system for making automobiles: just-in-time inventory systems, self-managing teams, and reduced set-up times for complex equipment. Product innovation creates value by creating new products, or enhanced versions of existing products, that customers perceive as having more utility, thus increasing the company’s pricing options. Process innovation often allows a company to create more value by lowering production costs. Toyota’s lean production system, for example, helped to boost employee productivity, thus giving Toyota a cost-based competitive advantage. In the long run, innovation of products and processes is perhaps the most important building block of competitive advantage. Competition can be viewed as a process driven by innovations. Although not all innovations succeed, those that do can be a major source of competitive advantage because they give a company something unique- something its competitors lack. Uniqueness can allow a company to differentiate itself from its rivals and charge a premium price for its product or, in the case of many process innovations, reduce its unit costs far below those of competitors. A company can achieve a lower cost structure is by pioneering process innovations. A process innovation is an innovation in the way production processes operate that improves their efficiency. Process innovations have often been a major source of competitive advantage. Toyota’s competitive advantage is based partly on the company’s invention of new flexible manufacturing processes that dramatically reduced set up times. This process innovation enabled it to obtain efficiency gains associated with flexible manufacturing systems years ahead of its competitors. In many ways, innovation is the most important source of competitive advantage. This is because innovation can result in new products that better satisfy customer needs, can improve the quality (attributes) of existing products, or can reduce the costs of making products that customers want. The ability to develop innovative new products or processes gives a company a major competitive advantage that allows it to Differentiate its products and charge a premium price Lower its cost structure below that of its rivals. Competitors, however, attempt to imitate successful innovations and often succeed. Therefore, maintaining a competitive advantage requires a continuing commitment to innovation. Successful new product launches are major drivers of profitability.

Does Your PSAT Score Qualify for National Merit

Does Your PSAT Score Qualify for National Merit SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you gearing up to rock the PSAT this fall and wondering what score you need to qualify for National Merit? This guide will give you 51 different answers to that question. Don't worry, it's not a complicated response. It's just that the National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) compares test takers on a state-by-state basis. To become a National Merit Semifinalist, you have to score in the top 1% of students in your state. This guide will fill you in on all qualifying cutoff scores from coast to coast (plus Alaska and Hawaii)for the PSAT. But first, let's review exactly who qualifies for National Merit. Who Is Awarded National Merit? Students who are US citizens, who plan to go to college, and who take the PSAT/NMSQT in their junior year are eligible to receive National Merit distinctions and scholarships. They also have to do really, really well on the PSAT. The top 3-4% of scorers arenamed Commended Scholars- an impressive distinction to put on college applications. The top 1%, or about 16,000 students across the country, are named National Merit Semifinalists. This is an honorin itself, and it also means you couldgo on to be named a Finalist and receive scholarship money. Some colleges also award their own merit scholarships to National Merit Semifinalists. To determine who qualifies for National Merit, NMSC uses a scale called the Selection Index. To get this, NMSC adds your Math, Reading, and Writing section scores, which each fall between 8 and 38, and then multiplies that sum by 2. Thus,the PSAT NMSC Selection Index ranges from 48 to 228. Using reports from individuals around the country who took the 2017 PSAT, we've compiled a full list of National Merit qualifying scores.(Note that since National Merit cutoffs don't vary much from year to year, this list should still be fairly accurate for those who take the 2018 PSAT!) Students who take the PSAT in their junior year are eligible for National Merit distinction. PSAT NMSQT Qualifying Scores for 2018 and 2019 Selection Indexcutoffs compare the scores of test takers in each state. You'll probably get national percentiles on your PSAT score report, butstate percentiles are the ones NMSC uses to award students. The chart below shows the National Merit Selection Index cutoffs for students who took the PSAT in October 2017 and were named Semifinalists in the fall of 2018: State Selection Index Alabama 216 Alaska 215 Arizona 220 Arkansas 214 California 223 Colorado 221 Connecticut 222 Delaware 222 DC 223 Florida 219 Georgia 220 Hawaii 220 Idaho 214 Illinois 221 Indiana 219 Iowa 216 Kansas 218 Kentucky 218 Louisiana 217 Maine 217 Maryland 223 Massachusetts 223 Michigan 219 Minnesota 220 Mississippi 215 Missouri 217 Montana 214 Nebraska 216 Nevada 218 New Hampshire 219 New Jersey 223 New Mexico 215 New York 221 North Carolina 220 North Dakota 212 Ohio 219 Oklahoma 215 Oregon 221 Pennsylvania 220 Rhode Island 220 South Carolina 216 South Dakota 215 Tennessee 219 Texas 221 Utah 215 Vermont 216 Virginia 222 Washington 222 West Virginia 212 Wisconsin 216 Wyoming 212 Average Score 218 The average of all the PSAT NMSQT qualifying scores is 218. Sorry to those students in California, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Washington, DC: you'll have to aim significantly higher and get a Selection Index of at least 223. Any American students studying in international schools abroad will also have to meet whatever the highest state's cutoff score is. As for boarding school attendees? You'll be measured against a regional cutoff; it usually equals the highest cutoff of the state within your regional grouping. Again, these Selection Index cutoffs are estimates, and there's some fluctuation from year to year. To account for this, you should aim at least 2-5 points higher than your state's cutoff score. Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Stellar PSAT scoresdon't happen by accident, and the PSAT requires a good deal of preparation to master. If you're aiming for National Merit, how can you achieve the top PSAT scores you need to qualify? How Can You Achieve PSAT Scores in the Top 1%? Like with the SAT, anyone can improve their scores on the PSAT with dedicated and effective preparation. Besides helping you qualify for National Merit, studying for the PSAT will prepare you for the SAT! The three steps below lay the groundwork needed to qualify for National Merit. Step 1: Know Your State's (Approximate) Cutoff Score It's important to find your state's cutoff, figure out what scores you need, and aim even higher in case the qualifying score increases (remember, there is slight variation year to year). Before you even begin studying for the PSAT, look at the chart above to find your state's cutoff score. For example, let's say you're taking the test in Ohio. According to our chart, Ohio's Selection Index cutoff is 219, which roughly translates to a PSAT score of 1460. Since the cutoff score could rise slightly, adjust your goal score to be a little higher as well- let's say 1490 instead of 1460. After, write down your PSAT target score as well as your goal of being named a National Merit Scholar on a piece of paper. Tack this sheet up on your wall and look at it as you study to help youstay motivated. Step 2: Read PrepScholar PSAT Study Guides Once you've figured out your goal score, spend some time learning about the test by reading our various PSAT study guides. Our articles offer expert help with designing your study schedule and making the most of your prep. One of our most helpful guides talks about gettinga perfect PSAT scoreandgoes into detail about how you can analyze and drill your mistakesto make big score improvements. Step 3: Take Official Practice Tests Finally, you'll want to take official practice tests to help you prepare for test day. The College Board offerstwo PSAT/NMSQT practice tests, along withonline practice questionsfor each section on the PSAT. Two tests isn't that many, though, so I also suggest takingofficial SAT practice testsor usingKhan Academy's SAT prep program. Since thePSAT and SAT are such similar tests, you'll get a ton of extra help by taking SAT practice tests (though expect them to be slightly harder). In addition, you can useold PSAT practice tests, as long as you focus on relevant question types and ignore the ones no longer on the test, such as sentence completions. A lot of the fundamental skills and knowledge on the PSAT didn't change much during the2015 revision, so you can still use older practice tests and materials to practice effectively if you familiarize yourself with the changes andadapt your approach accordingly. National Merit might be hard to get but the distinction is well worth it and could lead you to some handy scholarship money. Plus, it communicates a lot about your academic commitment on your college applications! What's Next? What should you do once you get your PSAT scores? This guide fills you in on your next steps. Not only is the PSAT important for National Merit, but it can also predict how you'll score on the SAT.Learn how touse your PSAT scores to predict, and plan to improve, your SAT scores. Are you wondering how to divide up your time most effectively to prep for the SAT? This six-step guide answers your questions about how long you should study for the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Fraud, Murder and Bribery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fraud, Murder and Bribery - Essay Example The other fundamental questions have been should American firms engage in these practices while in business abroad? This is because firms’ ability to effectively compete in the global economy has been affected mainly by these unethical practices. It is not proper to engage in unethical business practices even if a firm is in countries where their practices are tolerated. Ethical decision-making is important to the success of any Company. Some business decisions are easy and obvious to make; others are not. When a firm is faced with a tough situation, asking various operational questions can help them make the correct ethical decisions. Likewise, it is essential for firms to obey the spirit and letter of the laws within and out of the country at all times. Furthermore, wherever they live or work, they should respect the values that are ethical to protect their reputation both at home and abroad. Every country where they operate or do business has their own laws, regulations, and culture. Many times there are significant deviations from one place to another or between regions. However, no matter where a firm works, they sho, and be all responsible for respecting all applicable laws and do business in the most ethical manner. However, firms in America are not allowed by law to engage in these unethical practices. Despite the desire of a particular firm to engage in such practices, they are prohibited by the law. It is in public domain that the United States firms, unlike in many other countries around the world, has to contend with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 that tries to address the issue of unethical business practices such as bribery for U.S. companies (Loughman & Sibery,2012).  

"Juvenile Delinquency Interventions" Coursework

"Juvenile Delinquency Interventions" - Coursework Example This is quite some amount of cash and is unbelievable as a result. I believe in the findings of this study because teenagers seem to do what they are particularly asked not to do. By exposing teenagers to jails and making them aware of the criminal activities that put people in jail, they are made aware of wrongs that they perhaps were unaware of. It is imperative to note that teenagers may be vulnerable to attempting to engage in illegal activities simply because they were exposed to them. In the case of Johnny, who was diagnosed and found to be psychopathic, there are a number of effects that his diagnosis would have on his rehabilitation. For instance, his condition will not allow him to listen and partake advises from his counselors or therapists. Additionally, with his condition, he may be resistant to psychotherapy. A good example of the effects of this diagnosis is a patient who punched his psychotherapist in the face during a session when he was asked to sit calm and watch a predetermined video as a healing process. This was posted in the

Rebranding to Queens Museum of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rebranding to Queens Museum of Art - Essay Example The paper tells that despite housing the current Queens Museum, the New York City Building has served numerous purposes including housing the first United Nations General Assembly headquarter between 1946 and 1950. Afterwards, the building was remodeled for reasons of accommodating the New York City Pavilion at a different World’s Fair. For most New Yorkers, the southern half of the New York building has great memories as it was the place they took their first skating lessons like I and most of my friends did. Since 1952, the southern half occupied an ice-skating rink that has served generation after generation. For the Queens Museum of Arts, the foundation year was 1972 and the museum has been occupying the Northern half of the New York City building. The museum’s growth is mostly attributed to the World’s Fair attractions and proudly incorporates the original fair exhibits. From the 1964’s Fair, the four prominent and still standing attractions to the Mu seum are gigantic steel sphere, towers seemingly capped with flying saucers and two rocket ships. According to Harpaz, each of the landmarks has a meaning. For the two rocket ships, they represent an era during which NASA had the great quest for space exploration and have man landing on the moon’s surface. These rocket ships are found outside the New York Hall of Science in Queens. The steel sphere of the globe or the Unisphere is a globe made from steel and comprising 12-stories. The Unisphere is located in Flushing Meadow’s Park outside the museum. The towers seemingly topped with flying saucers form the New York State Pavilion. Founded by Phillip Johnson, the Pavilion was established to embody the world’s hope for the future as well as for New York State to be a cultural and Technological Center. In 1964-1965, The United States of America was anticipating having a man land on the moon but these ambitions tampered news like an assassination of President John F Kennedy, Vietnam Casualties, and turbulent civil rights clashes. This monumental concrete structure comprised of a theatre, 100-foot high open-air egg-shaped ring, and three surveillance towers.

Study On The Waterfall Model Information Technology Essay

Study On The Waterfall Model Information Technology Essay The waterfall model, documented in 1970 by Royce was the first public documented life cycle model. The waterfall model is a popular version of the systems development life cycle model for software engineering. The waterfall model describes a development method that is linear and sequential. Waterfall development has distinct goals for each phase of development. Because the life cycle steps are described in very general terms, the models are adaptable and their implementation details will vary among different organizations. The spiral model is the most general. There is various software development approaches defined and designed which are used during development process of software, these approaches are also referred as Software Development Process Models. Each process model follows a particular life cycle in order to ensure success in process of software development. One such process used in Software Development is The Waterfall Model. Waterfall model was first Process Model to be introduced and followed widely in Software Engineering to ensure success of the project. In The Waterfall model, the whole process of software development is divided into separate process phases. The phases in Waterfall model are: Requirement Specifications phase, Software Design, Implementation and Testing Maintenance. All these phases are cascaded to each other so that second phase is started as and when defined set of goals are achieved for first phase and it is signed off, so the name Waterfall Model. The real flow of waterfall model The stages of The Waterfall Model are: Requirement Analysis Definition: Requirements are set of functionalities and constraints that the end-user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, these requirements are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. System Software Design: Before a starting for actual coding, it is highly important to understand what we are going to create and what it should look like? The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. The system design specifications serve as input for the next phase of the model. Implementation Unit Testing: On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality; this is referred to as Unit Testing. Unit testing mainly verifies if the modules/units meet their specifications. Integration System Testing: As specified above, the system is first divided in units which are developed and tested for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer. Operations Maintenance: This phase of The Waterfall Model is virtually never ending phase (Very long). Generally, problems with the system developed (which are not found during the development life cycle) come up after its practical use starts, so the issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the problems come in picture directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solved; hence this process is referred as Maintenance. There are some advantages of the Waterfall Model. The advantage of waterfall development is that it allows for departmentalization and managerial control. A schedule can be set with deadlines for each stage of development and a product can proceed through the development process like a car in a carwash, and theoretically, be delivered on time. Development moves from concept, through design, implementation, testing, installation, troubleshooting, and ends up at operation and maintenance. There are some disadvantages of the Waterfall Model. As it is very important to gather all possible requirements during the requirement gathering and analysis phase in order to properly design the system, not all requirements are received at once, the requirements from customer goes on getting added to the list even after the end of Requirement Gathering and Analysis phase, this affects the system development process and its success in negative aspects. The problems with one phase are never solved completely during that phase and in fact many problems regarding a particular phase arise after the phase is signed off, these results in badly structured system as not all the problems (related to a phase) are solved during the same phase. The project is not partitioned in phases in flexible way. As the requirements of the customer goes on getting added to the list, not all the requirements are fulfilled, this results in development of almost unusable system. These requirements are then met in newer version of the system; this increases the cost of system development.

Their Eyes Were Wathiching God Essay -- essays research papers

Their Eyes Were Watching God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their Eyes Were Watching God is a story about the life of Janie Crawford and the hardships and triumphs in her three marriages, though there were many more hardships. In this essay I will share with you the setting, some characters, incidents from the plot, the theme, and point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This story begins in the 1930's when Janie returns to her home in Eatonville, Florida. She then begins to recount her life story to her closest friend, Phoeby. The story then shifts on to various cities in South Florida, primarily Eatonville and the Florida Everglades.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Janie Crawford, the main character, was a fair-skinned, black woman who was admired by many. She was married three times; her first marriage was at the age of sixteen which was arranged by her grandmother. Janie displayed a streak of her independence and identity when she left her first husband, and lived alone for months after her second died. Throughout her life Janie demonstrated a courageous personality as she traveled from marriage to marriage without thinking twice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tea Cake Woods, Janie's third husband, was a younger man in his thirties. He was a free-spirited, nomadic person, who's main source of income was derived from gambling. Tea Cake met his death when in a rabid rage, he was shot in self-defense by Janie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ...

Muay Thai Essay

Muay Thai is originally come from Thailand. It is form of kickboxing but Muay Thai employs techniques with the hands, feet, elbows, and knees extensively. Muay Thai is popular in many parts of the world these days. People involves in Muay Thai usually to test their self confidence, speed, strength and self defense. Reveal the Topic -Today, I am going to share on the basic training of Muay Thai. Establish Credibility Currently, I trained with Muay Thai Club in Shah Alam. I started training on age of 18. On 2009 while doing my diploma, I joined ‘Muay Thai Competition, in Maran, Pahang and I won the first place. Preview of Body Speech The 3 basic training of Muay Thai is built up physical strength, use of punching bag and sparring. Body 1 Build up physical strength -First of all, trainees must play rope jumping around 15minutes to 30 minutes to warm up. For the purpose maintaining stamina, he/she need to jogging 5km to 10km per day. This also can control weight to make sure trainees in their weight class. For example weight class is 56kg to 60kg, so the trainees must around this weight. For fit physical body, trainees must weight-lifted to get muscular. It brings a psychological to opponent. For me, advantages on physical structure boost my confident. 2 Punching bag -When play with the punching bag, trainees must imagine the punching bag as a opponent. They need have a certain level of strength, conditioning, and skill to punches, kicks, knees and elbow strike the punching bag. Punch combination, speed, timing, punching defense, counter-punching. They need learn about angle to attack and strength. 3 Sparring – Trainees probably looking forward to get in the ring, but before to get in the ring they must have an experience sparring to know the situation in the ring. Usually the instructor asks him to wearing the thick pads which cover the forearms and hands. This pads are used to absorbs the impact of the fighter’s strike and allow to react to the attacks. Sparring is to test technique, skills, range, strategy and timing against partner Conclusion Everything you do have a risks,also muay thai but these risks only apply to fighters who are lazy in their moves or who are just not very well trained. If you follow all your lessons to the letter and keep in good shape, the risks don’t really become a factor.

The Need for Computer Education and Access

The need for computer education and access is not a luxury anymore: it†s a necessity. People from all lifestyles can benefit from the Internet. Recently a local agency was giving a grant expand public access to computer networking. The next question would be is where to place the computers outside of school. Any lifestyle still allows people to have access to the internet. For example mentioned in the articles. A homeless person was able to make her own web page. Which resulted in a job with a good company therefore she was able to get her life back on track. The internet is now considered a necessity because present job skills require familiarity with the internet. According to the article † access to the internet is an important part of civic life as parks, public transit, libraries, and cultural centers†. Another reason the internet is a necessity is community assets. Some examples are crime-fighting efforts within the community, accessibility to investigate crimnial active when buying real estate. According to the chart 10 Community Networks, some networks have been place throughout the Eastern part of the U.S. Accessibility has been made possible for recycling programs for the disabled, low-income neighborhoods, and participates in public web markets. Having public access to the people has had many positive impacts on the society as a whole. It†s helped lifestyles, it†s become a necessity and accessibility had been made possible. The Internet provides information to everyone.

Free Essays on Napster

Just do IP Issue 42, August 2, 2000 "People are copying music because they feel somewhat disenfranchised with the options they have at their disposal in the digital space. It's up to the content industry to create value in the digital arena and they've made phenomenal steps in that direction." Talal Shamoon, a key technologist for the SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) Salon, 31 Jul 2000-08-01 JUDGE FINDS AGAINST NAPSTER District judge Marilyn Hall Patel ruled in favour of the Recording Industry Association of America (riaa.com/) (RIAA) regarding the Napster copyright case, based on the sheer size of the infringement that was taking place. Judge Patel directed that Napster should stop its song-swap activities and refused a motion that would delay the injunction until after an appeal had been presented. Napster intends to appeal against the decision. Related article: 'Napster legal scrap could backfire on record industry' Source: ZDNet News, 26 July 2000 CONSUMERS BUY MORE MUSIC PRODUCTS AFTER 'TESTING' A PC Data Online (pcdataonline.com) survey reports that only 16% of respondents supported the RIAA's claim that Napster was in breach of intellectual property regulations and should be shut down. 57% agreed that it was unrealistic to control the free exchange of music. Many users said that they would not be dissuaded from downloading music even if it was deemed illegal. Almost 60% claimed that using Napster helped them in their music buying and 83% liked the ability afforded by the technology to test songs before purchasing CDs or cassettes. Source: PC Data Online News Release, 27 July 2000 CONTROL OF MUSIC DOWNLOADING BEYOND INDUSTRY CONTROL Despite all the media attention given to the Napster case, the Gartner Group (http://gartner11.gartnerweb.com/) believes that music downloading via the Net will prevail. Gartner suggests that it would have been more strategic for the RIAA to find a c... Free Essays on Napster Free Essays on Napster Is trading digital music using Napster Online legal or copyright infringement? First, we must find out what Napster is and who created it. Napster is a combination of â€Å"the features of existing programs: the instant-messaging system of Internet Relay Chat, the file-sharing functions of Microsoft Windows and the advanced searching and filtering capabilities of various search engines†(Greenfield). Basically all it is, is a really cool little program that a person can download off of the internet for free. Install it on the nearest computer, go through the setup, log on to the internet, and type in someone’s favorite artist. When the artist or song name is entered into the search engine part of Napster, it searches the Napster server and files of other users online at that time for your artist or song. Point-click-download, it is easy as that to get what some people call illegal Mp3’s. Mp3 stands for mpeg layer 3, a small music file that downloads quickly from the Internet. Many people have found out these files can be hard to find, leading the explorer to dead ends if a searcher doesn’t know where to go or doesn’t want to pay for them. But in 1999, a person by the name of Shawn Fanning decided to do something about the availability of these files. â€Å"Fanning figured out that if he combined a music-search function with a file-sharing system and, to facilitate communication, instant messaging, he could bypass the rat’s nest of legal and technical problems that kept great music from breaking out all over the World Wide Web† (Greenfield). So, over a period of months in 1999, he created the famed Napster. At 18 years of age, Shawn would become a teenager’s hero and best friend from whom to get new free music. Then these few lines of code and combined programs got this 18 year-old in a lot of trouble. If you look at the back of a CD or on the credits page of a magazine or book, you will find a copyright number and date. Acc... Free Essays on Napster The Napster software (napster.com), launched early in 1999, allows internet users to share and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network. The software is used by downloading a client program from the Napster site and then connecting to the network through this software, which allows sharing (uploading and downloading) of MP3 files between all users connected to the network. While Napster does not condone copyright infringement, there is no opportunity in the software to stop this, or for royalties to be paid to artists whose songs are being duplicated for free. Unlike similar file-sharing applications (Gnutella, Freenet), Napster limits users to uploading/downloading of MP3 files only. These files are compressed wave (.wav) files. The advantage of MP3 files is that they are approximately one-tenth the size of the corresponding .wav file and can be close-to-CD-quality. It is for this reason that many artists, record labels and other music industry stakeholders are concerned by the MP3 file format and applications like Napster that simplify the sharing of copyrighted material. Other file formats in common use on the Internet are not as threatening to the recording industry; primarily due to the reduced quality of the recording. Real audio (.ra, .rm) files have reduced sound quality (comparable to radio) and are usually streamed over a different protocol, allowing people to listen to songs without having (or being able) to download the source files. Another 'music' file format common on the internet is the midi format. These files are of no threat to the music industry because the files are not actually a recording of the music; rather a set of instructions to the computer as to what sounds to play (and there is no way to duplicate vocal tracks). This file format is also becoming outdated and being used less and less. The reaction from recording artists, record labels and... Free Essays on Napster There’s no such thing as a free lunch, but due to open peer to peer architecture music is. In 1998 a group of college students launched this innovative Napster technology. Since then the software has generated great controversy within the music industry due to alleged copyright infringement. However, the music industry has failed to see Napster’s potential as a valuable tool in helping them where previously they had been unsuccessful. The purpose of this program was to give everyone a chance to listen to music without paying. Napster is a program that allow a user to download various mp3s from other users on the Napster Network. An Mp3 is a song, in C.D. quality, which has become easily accessible through programs like Napster. Napster has become so famous for all of the copyright laws it breaks and an alternative to buying the artist’s CD. There is no longer a need to buy CD’s. Many who own CD Burners simply download their favorite MP3’s and make their own music CD’s. Despite this fact, Napster actually benefits artists and record labels in many other ways. It distributes all different types of music, professional and local to millions of people at no price. It also gives unknown artists a chance to have their music listened to. In this way it acts as a free marketing tool. There are many famous artists that favor the use of Napster. They believe that it lets their music get out their and heard thus capturing more fans which can generate income in other ways such as concerts. One of the greatest benefits is that it saves people from having to go out and buy a 15-dollar CD. Instead people can download their favorite songs from the comfort of their own home. Regardless of this, Napster also has its bad attributes. Many artists are against Napster. They believe that hard working artists get cheated out of money because people simply download the song rather than going out and buying the CD. Nap... Free Essays on Napster Ethical Analysis of Napster Technical Issue The Napster software (napster.com/), launched early in 1999, allows Internet users to share and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network. The software is used by downloading a client program from the Napster site and then connecting to the network through this software, which allows sharing (uploading and downloading) of MP3 files between all users connected to the network. While Napster does not condone copyright infringement, there is no opportunity in the software to stop this, or for royalties to be paid to artists whose songs are being duplicated for free. Unlike similar file-sharing applications (Gnutella, Freenet), Napster limits users to uploading/downloading of MP3 files only. These files are compressed wave (*.wav) files. The advantage of MP3 files is that they are approximately one-tenth the size of the corresponding .wav file and can be close-to-CD-quality. It is for this reason that many artists, record labels and other music industry stakeholders are concerned by the MP3 file format and applications like Napster that simplify the sharing of copyrighted material. Other file formats in common used on the Internet are not as threatening to the recording industry, primarily due to the reduced quality of the recording. Real audio (*.ra, *.rm) files have reduced sound quality (comparable to radio) and are usually streamed over a different protocol, allowing people to listen to songs without having (or being able) to download the source files. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), a trade group representing the US recording industry, alleges that Napster is enabling and encouraging the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music. Also, a number of universities have blocked student access to Napster. Universities say they are taking this step primarily because so many students are downloading music ... Free Essays on NAPSTER The record companies can make as much or more money by abandoning their old business model and going with Napster's. They should look at the numbers, do the math, and then join with Shawn Fanning?s Napster. Then again, why do that when they can have both business models and make twice as much money? When Napster first started out, it had around 50,000 users, and as a music distribution service, there was nothing so exciting about it. The concept made no sense to the record industry, which saw it as a glorified bootlegging operation. But along with the MP3 movement, Napster introduced the notion of practical electronic music distribution, which appealed to early adopters and computer nuts. Once the lawsuits began, people saw a repeated free publicity for a littleknown product, thanks to media attention. Napster became a household name within months. But instead of the record companies dealing with 50,000 dedicated users making copies of their music, they now have to face over 5! 0 million. The The number of users and how this changes the money flow for the record industry was overlooked. The CD business is a $13 billion market. Of this $13 billion, a big chunk of money goes to distribution and manufacturing. Meanwhile, many Napster users have said that they will pay up to $20 a month to keep this service alive. The company has suggested $5 a month for access. Exactly how many people would pay is unknown, but I suspect the numbers will be high. If the service were legal and ethical, I'm certain many people who aren?t sure about it would join. Adding special international servers and more specialized subsystems would also make a subscription model more appealing. With good marketing, more services, and legal, free trading of all content 24 hours a day, I think holding 50 million users is possible. I think $10 a month is the right fee. I'd pay it in a minute. If 50 million users each paid $10 a month, or $120 a year, for unlimited access... Free Essays on Napster Just do IP Issue 42, August 2, 2000 "People are copying music because they feel somewhat disenfranchised with the options they have at their disposal in the digital space. It's up to the content industry to create value in the digital arena and they've made phenomenal steps in that direction." Talal Shamoon, a key technologist for the SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) Salon, 31 Jul 2000-08-01 JUDGE FINDS AGAINST NAPSTER District judge Marilyn Hall Patel ruled in favour of the Recording Industry Association of America (riaa.com/) (RIAA) regarding the Napster copyright case, based on the sheer size of the infringement that was taking place. Judge Patel directed that Napster should stop its song-swap activities and refused a motion that would delay the injunction until after an appeal had been presented. Napster intends to appeal against the decision. Related article: 'Napster legal scrap could backfire on record industry' Source: ZDNet News, 26 July 2000 CONSUMERS BUY MORE MUSIC PRODUCTS AFTER 'TESTING' A PC Data Online (pcdataonline.com) survey reports that only 16% of respondents supported the RIAA's claim that Napster was in breach of intellectual property regulations and should be shut down. 57% agreed that it was unrealistic to control the free exchange of music. Many users said that they would not be dissuaded from downloading music even if it was deemed illegal. Almost 60% claimed that using Napster helped them in their music buying and 83% liked the ability afforded by the technology to test songs before purchasing CDs or cassettes. Source: PC Data Online News Release, 27 July 2000 CONTROL OF MUSIC DOWNLOADING BEYOND INDUSTRY CONTROL Despite all the media attention given to the Napster case, the Gartner Group (http://gartner11.gartnerweb.com/) believes that music downloading via the Net will prevail. Gartner suggests that it would have been more strategic for the RIAA to find a c...